8/29 Bam-dokkaebi Trip

DIALOG>> I had so much fun there.

A: Morning! How was your weekend?

B: It was great. I took a short weekend trip to Hong Kong.

A: A weekend trip? Is that even possible?

B: Oh, yeah. I left early Saturday morning and came back this morning.

A: You must be exhausted.

B: Not really. I had so much fun there. You should try it!

RESPONSE>> Talk aoubt a bam-dokkaebi trip.

Koreans are among the hardest working people in the world.

Ex> That was among the tallest buildings in Seoul.

According to the OECD, the average Korean works a whopping 2,193 hours a year.

* whopping: 매우 큰, 터무니없는

Although the average Korean is entitled to 25 paid vacation days annually, a lot of Koreans don’t usually take long vacations.

* paid vacation days: 유급 휴가 cf> unpaid leave, maternity leave

* be entitled to: ~할 권리가 있다

Ex> You are entitled to proper compensation.

Ex> I think all children are entitled to medical care.

Instead, they take short breaks.

An increasing number of people are taking weekend getaways to close tourist destinations.

* getaway: 휴가

Ex> An increasing number of people are commuting to their work on a bicycle.

This is called a bam-dokkaebi trip. Bam-dokkaebi refers to a person who is very active at night.

Ex> A night owl refers to a person who often stays up at night.

Bam-dokkaebi trips usually span three days and one night, that means you won’t be getting a lot of sleep.

* span: (기간에) 걸치다, 걸쳐 이어지다

Ex> His lecture spans over an hour.

Ex> Her career at EBS spanned 15 years.

Taking bam-dokkaebi trips is a little exhausting, but why don’t you give it a try? I’m sure you’ll like it.

* give it a try: 시도하다, 한번 해 보다

Ex> When she was young, she was an exhausting child.

@ I’m flying out tomorrow.  나 내일 출발해.

1.     He is entitled to vote at all elections.

2.     An increasing number of people are suffering from diabetes.

3.     Sunbae refers to someone who is senior to you.

4.     Our trip was so much fun but exhausting.

8/28 Sungnyemun

DIALOG>> It was the oldest wooden structure in Seoul.

A: What's behind that wall?
B: Oh, that? They're restoring a historical structure called Namdaemun.
A: Why? What was wrong with it?
B: Well, some angry guy set it on fire. Completely destroyed.
A: How old was the structure?
B: 614 years old. It was the oldest wooden structure in Seoul.


RESPONSE>> Talk about the first National Treasure of Korea, Sungnyemun.

I have a little trivia quiz for you. What is the first National Treasure of Korea?
* trivia quiz: 일반 상식 퀴즈
* the National Treasure of Korea: 대한민국 국보
ex> I'm going to end this class with some trivia questions.

If you answered Sungnyemun or Namdaemun, you're absolutely right.

Sungnyemun is by far one of the most impressive and recognizable historical structures in Seoul.
* by far: 단연코, 사뭇, 매우
* recognizable: 알아볼 수 있는, important
ex> This is by far the biggest sporting event of the year.
ex> She is by far one of the most beautiful people I know.

It was originally constructed in 1398 by King Taejo. This national treasure was one of the four main gateways of the old city wall.
* gateway: 관문, 입구

Sungnyemun had managed to survive through the two Japanese invasions, the Korean War, and the modernization of Korea.
* manage to survive: 살아 남다 (= able to~)
ex> I managed to finish reading this book in just two days.

Unfortunately, an arsonist set Sungnyemun on fire in 2008, severely damaging the top part of the gate.
* arsonist: 방화범
* set something on fire: ~에 불을 지르다, 방화하다
ex> I saw the lightning set a tree on fire.

This was truly a national tragedy. Restoration is underway and expected to be finished in December this year.
* restoration: 복원
* be underway: 진행 중이다, = in progress
ex> It's a great tragedy for her and for all of us.
ex> Major construction is underway to build a new baseball stadium in Changwon.


@ What a pity! 정말 안타깝다! = What a shame, What a waste.

1. He is by far the most talented baseball player in the league.
2. I managed to get all the right answers.
3. We saw him setting the house on fire.
3. Filming is underway for the second series of Dae Jang Guem.

8/27 Health Check-up

DIALOG>> I need to get my leg checked out.

A: Can you recommend a good hospital?
B: I know quite a few. Why do you ask?
A: I need to get my leg checked out.
B: Is everything OK?
A: I don't know. It feels weird. I fell in the tub this morning.
B: That's not good. There's a hospital nearby. I'll take you at lunch.
* check out: examine carefully
ex> You need to get your eyes checked out.


RESPONSE>> Talk about regular health check-up.

Going in for regular health check-ups is one of the best ways to prevent disease and monitor your health.
* go in for: ~을 위해 들어가다
ex> I'm going in for an interview.

In conjunction with proper habits and lifestyle, health screening ensures your wellness.
* health screening: 건강 검진 = health check-up
* in conjunction with: ~와 함께
ex> I use a dictionary in conjunction with my thesaurus.

Screenings can detect problems in the early stages.

Early diagnosis can significantly increase your chances of overcoming certain conditions.
* diagnosis: 진단

When you make your appointment, you will be asked to refrain from eating the night before.
ex> Please refrain from using your cell phone.

The basic screening takes about two to three hours.

It includes blood tests, body measurements, X-rays, and an assessment of vision and hearing.

You might also have a consultation with a medical practitioner to discuss additional symptoms or concerns.
ex> She went in for a medical consultation.

Your results are usually available by email or pick-up in a few days.
ex> Are you available for lunch tomorrow?


@ I want a second opinion.  난 다른 의사의 소견을 들어봐야겠어.

1. You should be going in for a health check-up.
2. Can you refrain from smoking?
3. Sorry, it's not available yet.
4. Should I get this checked out?

8/24 Hanok

DIALOG>> That's not too far from there.

A: What are you doing this weekend?
B: My friend is visiting Seoul from the US. I'm taking him sightseeing.
A: Where are you going to take him?
B: Well, I'll show him Deoksugung and Gwanghwamun first.
A: What about Namsan Hanok Village? That's not too far from there.
B: Great idea! I think he'd like that.
ex> I won't go because it's too far.


RESPONSE>> Talk about traditional Hanok houses and Hanok Stay.

Have you ever wondered what life in Korea was like before apartments?
ex> Do you ever wonder about the future?

Why don't you try staying at a Hanok?

Hanoks are the houses of traditional Korean culture.

They have wooden pillars, mud walls, and usually a courtyard or garden.
* courtyard: 안마당, 안뜰

You can go on a Hanok Stay, where visitors can experience the lifestyle and hospitality of the past.
ex> Traveling is a great experience.

These Hanoks maintain their old-world charm yet cater visitors with the modern amenities they are accustomed to.
* old-world: 예스러운
* cater: 제공하다
* amenities: 편리한 설비
ex> I'm not accustomed to eating with chopsticks.

There is a blend of traditional ambiance and furniture, with familiar electronics and everyday conveniences.
* blend: 혼합, 화합, 융합
* ambiance: 분위기
* electronics: 전자 제품

You can also immerse yourself in Korean culture with tea ceremonies, pottery making, and fold games.
* immerse in: ~에 몰두하다, 빠지다, 담그다
* tea ceremonies: 다도(茶道)
ex> You need to immerse the burned area in cold water.

Traditional home-cooked meals may also be offered in the Hanok Stay package.
ex> The penthouse offers a great view of the city.


@ What was the highlight of your trip?  여행 중에 제일 좋았던 것이 뭐였어?

1. I wonder if she knows the answer.
2. I have never experienced that before.
3. Immerse yourself in our beautiful swimming pool.
4. I was offered a great job opportunity.

8/23 24 seasonal Divisions

DIALOG>> This heat wave is really wearing me out.

A: This heat wave is really wearing me out.

B: Tell me about it. It’s hot even at night.

A: When does it start to cool down?

B: Pretty soon because today is Cheoseo.

A: What’s that supposed to mean?

B: Well, today marks the end of the summer.

* heat wave: 장기간의 혹서

* wear out: 지치게하다, 닳다

Ex> This meaningless argument is wearing me out.

Ex> All of your tires are worn out.

RESPONSE>> Talk about the 24 solar terms in Korea.

Did you know that today is Cheoseo?

Cheoseo literally translates to “the limit of heat” and it indicates the end of the hot summer.

Ex> This red light indicates the low battery.

After today, the summer heat fades away and the daily temperature gap widens.

* fade away: 사라지다, disappear gradually

* daily temperature gap: 일교차

Ex> Her anger faded away.

Ex> Coco Chanel once said, “Fashion fades away, only style remains the same.”

Cheoseo is just one of the 24 solar terms in the lunisolar calendar.

* the lunisolar calendar [lù:nəsóulər]: 태음 태양력

According to the position of the sun in the zodiac, all the days in a year are divided into 24 parts.

* zodiac: 황도대, 황도 십이궁

Ex> Korea is divided into two countries.

There are two solar terms in each month, which means there is one term about every 15 days.

Ex> I go swimming every other weekend.

These 24 divisions actually indicate the changes of seasons, climate and natural phenomena.

These are especially crucial for farmers because they are used to guide their agricultural activities.

* agricultural activity: 농업 활동

Ex> He's going to guide you throughout the class.

@ They are always right on the money.  그것은 항상 정확해.

1. A high unemployment indicates a sluggish economy.

2. Your sadness will fade away with time.

3. She goes to the class every other day.

4. Your laziness is really wearing me out.

8/22 Man's Best Friend

DIALOG>> They really are man's best friend.

A: Oh, is that your dog? He's so cute!
B: Thanks. His name is Fido.
A: Does he know how to do tricks?
B: If you give him a treat, he'll roll over.
A: It must be so nice to have a pet.
B: It's true. They really are man's best friend.
* treat: 먹을 것, 선물, 한턱


RESPONSE>> Talk about dogs for the disabled.

A dog can be a disabled person's best friend.

These dogs are specially trained to help physically disabled people.
ex> The meal was specially made by our famous chef.

They also help calm and focus autistic children.

At the training school, each dog is taught to assist their owners.
ex> I need you to assist me.

The lessons are tailored to each owner's needs.
* be tailored to: ~에 맞춰지다
ex> The suit was tailored to my husband's taste.

Trained dogs will perform tasks that their owners can't, like going to the store or retrieving dropped items.

Nowadays, dogs can do tasks like taking clothes out of the washer, opening and closing doors, and helping someone undress.
ex> Nowadays, almost everyone has a smartphone.

It gives people more freedom to live a fuller life.

Many owners think their dog brings emotional benefits too.
ex> What's the costs and benefits?

Dogs are canine family members who relieve stress and give unconditional love.
ex> I need your unconditional acceptance.


@ They say dogs are better than people.  개가 사람보다 낫다고들 하잖아.

1. The dress can be specially made for you.
2. How can I assist you?
3. Tea has many health benefits.
4. My mother gives me unconditional love.

8/21 Watching DMB While Driving

DIALOG>> For everybody’s sake, stop watching TV.

A: Hey Si-won, hop in!

B: Thanks for picking me up. Are you watching DMB right now?

A: Yeah. This is my favorite show. I don’t want to miss it.

B: Are you serious? If you get caught, you will get a ticket.

A: Really? I didn’t know that.

B: For everybody’s sake stop watching TV.

Ex> For the sake of your health, don’t smoke.

RESPONSE>> Talk about the dangers of watching DMB while driving.

These days, it’s really hard to find a car without a satellite navigation system.

* satellite navigation system: 위성 항법 장치, 네비게이션

Most of the sat-navs have a DMB, short for Digital Multimedia Broadcasting, which lets you watch TV while driving.

* sat-nav: 위성 항법 (장치)

ex> I'll let you play once you finish your homework.

Watching DMB while driving is not only dangerous for you, but for other drivers and bystanders as well.

* bystander: 방관자, 행인

ex> She is not only pretty but smart as well.

Needless to say, it is illegal and you can be fined up to 70,000 won for doing so.

ex> Needless to say, North Korea is the most isolated country in the world.

The dangers of distracted driving caught our attention when a truck driver who was watching DMB while driving killed three cyclists.

* catch one’s attention: ~의 주목을 끌다, 관심을 끌다

* distracted driving: 운전 중 주의 산만 행위

ex> His special talent caught our attention.

One study has found that watching TV while behind the wheel is more dangerous than driving drunk.

* behind the wheel: 운전 중의

Ex> Don’t get behind the wheel after drinking.

Ex> It’s dangerous to text while behind the wheel.

We must educate all Koreans about the dangers of distracted driving.

@ Keep your eyes on the road.  도로에서 시선을 떼지 마

1. His class is not only fun but helpful as well.

2. Her strange hat caught our attention.

3. He becomes a different person when he gets behind the wheel.

4. For your child's sake, quit smoking.

8/20 East Sea

DIALOG>> Isn't there a dispute over it?

A: Have you heard of Dokdo?
B: Yes, they're the Korean islands near Japan.
A: Isn't there a dispute over it?
B: Yes, both Korean and Japan claim it's theirs.
A: Well, have they reached a decision?
B: Not yet. But I think Japan's claim is preposterous.
* preposterous [prɪ^|pɑ:stərəs]: 말도 안되는, 터무니 없는


RESPONSE>> Talk about the East Sea naming dispute.

Koreans call it the East Sea, or Dong-hea. In Japan, it is known as the Sea of Japan.
ex> She is known as a competitive person.

This name dispute still rolls on today.
* still roll on today: 오늘까지 이어지다
ex> The contract rolls on through the summer.

Both governments want international recognition in maps and charts.
* chart: 해도

Korea has campaigned for years that both names should be used concurrently.
* concurrently: 동시에, 병행되어

The IHO is a global body based in Monaco that presides over maritime and navigation issues.
* IHO (International Hydrographic Organization): 국제 수로 기구
* preside  over  [prɪ^|zaɪd]: ~을 관장하다
ex> Our deputy director will presides over our meeting today.
ex> Her pastor presided over her wedding.

At their 18th meeting, they decided not to revise the global chart to include the East Sea name.
ex> Can you revise this report for me?

The IHO has referred to the waters as Sea of Japan since 1929, when its first edition of nautical charts was published.
* waters: 바다, 영해
* nautical chart [^|nɔ:tɪkl: 해도집

However, a senior Korean official said the issue will be discussed further at the next meeting in 2017.
ex> I don't want to talk about his any further.


@ What's in a name?  이름이 뭐가 중요해?

1. She was known as a great writer.
2. He gained international recognition for his work.
3. He will be presiding over the trial today.
4. We need to talk about this further.

8/17 Newspaper

DIALOG>> Can you save me the sports section?

A: What are you doing?

B: I’m cutting an article out of the newspaper.

A: What kind of article?

B: It’s an interview with my favorite author.

A: Hey, can you save me the sports section?

B: Sure.

RESPONSE>> Talk about the importance of reading the newspaper.

Reading the newspaper is beneficial for everyone, young and old.

Newspapers keep us in touch with current local and world affairs.

*  in touch with: 연락을 취하는, 알고 있는, = be in contact, up to date

Ex> I keep in touch with my sister who lives in Australia.

It keeps us informed and helps us feel connected with the world around us.

* keep someone informed: ~에게 정보를 제공하다

* feel connected with: ~와 연결되어 있다고 생각하다

Ex> Can you inform me when the meeting starts?

Ex> I’ll keep you informed about what happens.

Newspapers also provide useful listings, lifestyle features, and travel guides.

* listing: 광고 목록

Ex> I read a feature on school violence in the paper.

You can keep up with what interests you and affects you personally.

* keep up with: ~에 대해 알게 되다, ~을 따라가다

Ex> slow down! I can’t keep up with you.

Ex> She needs to keep up with the news.

There is also some scientific evidence that shows reading the newspaper regularly fends off dementia and Alzheimer’s in the elderly.

* fend off: 막다, 피하다, = prevent, defeat

Ex> She used the spray to fend off mosquitoes.

Ex> Using a security helps fend off burglars.

Now, most major publications have digital versions for readers who are on the go or glued to their smartphones.

* on the go: 움직이며, 돌아다니며, = on the move

* be glued to: ~에 딱 달라붙어 있다.

But nothing beats the feeling of starting your day with a good cup of coffee and the news hot off the press.

* nothing beats: 최고이다, 더 좋은 것은 없다.

* off the press: 인쇄가 끝나서, 출판되어

Ex> Nothing beats relaxing on the beach.

Ex> Nothing beats patbingsoo on a summer day.

Ex> nothing beats spending time with your loved ones.

@ That’s groundbreaking news.  그건 획기적인 뉴스야.

1. Can you get me in touch with your colleague?

2. Why didn’t you inform her of the change?

3. I don’t know how to use the feature on my phone.

4. Salt is used to fend off bad spirits.

8/16 KATUSA

DIALOG>> Did you do your mandatory military service?

A: Did you do your mandatory military service?
B: I sure did. I finished it a long time ago.
A: Which branch?
B: Well, I served as a KATUSA.
A: What is that? I've never heard that before.
B: Oh, I was a Korean soldier but worked in the US army.


RESPONSE>> Talk about the KATUSA program in Korea.

Most Korean men choose to serve in the army for their military obligation, while some choose to serve in the navy, air force or marines.
ex> My brother served in the Korean navy.

But you can also serve as a KATUSA soldier.

KATUSA stands for Korean Augmentation to  the United States Army.
* augmentation: 증가, 증대
* stand for: 나타내다
ex> What does that stand for?
ex> OPEC stands for Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

The KATUSA soldier program was initiated by an informal agreement between President Rhee Syng-man and General Douglas MacArthur in 1950.
ex> This study was initiated by Seoul National University.

The purpose of this program was to augment US forces with the Korean soldiers during the Korean War.

This unique program is still maintained to this day.
ex> A certain temperature should be maintained.

Becoming a KATUSA requires standardized English tests scores and a little bit of luck.
ex> Our situation requires a drastic change.

Only those who meet the test requirements can apply to the program.
* meet the requirements: 요구 사항을 충족하다
ex> Those of you who missed the class can make it up tomorrow.

Then they are selected through a lottery process.
* a lottery process: 제비뽑기, 추첨


@ I'm in the reserve forces now.  난 지금 예비군 소속이야.

1. What does OECD stands for?
2. This project was initiated by Ban Ki-moon.
3. You are required to have a car insurance policy.
4. For those who didn't bring your laptops, raise your hand.

8/15 Korean Independence Day

DIALOG>> Korea gained its independence from Japan.

A: What's with all those Korean flags in the streets?
B: Oh, those! Today is our Independence Day.
A: Yeah, I heard about that. Korea gained its independence from Japan.
B: You're right. 67 years ago today, Japanese surrendered to the Allied forces.
A: Is that why you're taking me to the War Memorial today?
B: You can say that.

* What's with somebody? ~는 왜그러지?
* What's with something? ~는 왜 그러는 건가?
ex> What's with all this walking? Can't we take a cab?


RESPONSE>> Talk about Korean Independence Day, Gwangbokjeol.

Korea observes its independence from Japanese colonial rule annually on August 15th.
ex> I go to the stockholders meeting annually.

Gwangbokjeol marks the nation's freedom and liberation as a country.
ex> The company marks its 20th anniversary this Friday.

It is an official national holiday so you'll find most shops and public offices are closed.
* public office: 관공서

This is an official Presidential ceremony to commemorate the historic moment.
* Presidential ceremony: 대통령이 참석하는 경축식
ex> We'd like to sing a song to commemorate your wedding day.

Government leaders, representatives, and even foreign diplomats come together to pay  respect to those who fought for independence.
ex> I want to pay my respect to your grandfather.

All citizens are encouraged to display the national flag and public museums and parks are open free of charge to descendants of independence activists.
* descendant: 후손, 자손
ex> We all were encouraged to join the chess club.
ex> I can't believe it's free of charge.

It is an especially poignant day for those who can recollect the war.
* poignant [^|pɔɪnjənt]: 통한의, 통렬의
* recollect  [_|rekə^|lekt]: 기억해 내다.

We feel national pride on this day that reminds us of the sacrifices our ancestors made.
* remind of: ~을 상기시키다


@ Isn't it ironic?  아이러니하지 않아?

It's a day of infamy for Japan.
* infamy [^|ɪnfəmi]:  치욕, 악명

1. This report is released annually.
2. This remarks your second unexcused absence from class.
3. You should pay respect to relatives that have passed away.
4. You can get an additional battery free of charge.

8/14 Ban Ki-moon

DIALOG>> Did you see that picture of Mr. Ban with John F. Kennedy?

A: Did you see that picture of Mr. Ban with John F. Kennedy?

B: Nope, where and when was that?

A: Obviously it was in America and he was just a high school student, I think.

B: Wow, what year was that?

A: It was in 1962. He won some kind of a contest.

B: I see. That’s how he met Kennedy.

RESPONSE>> Talk about the UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon.

Ban Ki-moon was born in a small village in Eumsung County, Chungcheongbuk-do in 1944.

Ex> She was born in a remote village in Nepal.

When he was in high school, he won an essay competition sponsored by the American Red Cross.

Ex> This program is sponsored by the Korean government.

That earned him a chance to live in America with a host family for a few months.

Ex> Enter here for a chance to win a vacation in Hawaii.

He also earned an invitation to meet President John F. Kennedy at the White House.

At the meeting, President Kennedy asked Ban what his dream was.

Ex> Brilliant ideas were popping out at the meeting.

He replied, “I want to become a diplomat.”

45 years later, Ban became more than just a diplomat.

* more than just: ~이상인

In 2006, he was elected as the eighth Secretary-General of the United Nations.

Ex> Do you know how the President of Korea is elected?

Ban once said, “Study like a fool, dream like a genius.”

Ex> I was once cute.

Ex> I’ve been to Prague once.

@ It was a dream come true.  꿈이 실현되는 거였어.

1. I was born and raised in Bundang, Korea.

2. I’ve won a chance to watch a game at Old Trafford.

3. Don’t mention about blunders at the meeting.

4. My dad once told a man should know how to play every sport.

8/13 War Memorial

DIALOG>> Sounds like a plan.

A: Hey, I'm going to Itaewon this weekend. What to come?
B: Sure. What are you going to do there?
A: I'm going to check out the War Museum and have lunch.
B: Sounds like a plan. I heard Itaewon has great restaurants.
A: Yes. Do you like Bulgarian food? I know a great place.
B: Sure. I'll try anything once.


RESPONSE>> Talk about the War Memorial of Korea.

The War Memorial of Korea is located in Yongsan.

It opened its doors in 1994 and memorializes almost 5,000 years of foreign invasion.
* open its doors: 문을 열다, 개방하다
* memorialize: 기념하다
ex> The new library will open its doors to the students this fall.
ex> My kitchen is under an invasion by ants.

The park that surrounds the museum has aircraft, tanks, and other fighting machines from the Korean War to the present.

Korea has witnessed many intrusions and wars throughout its history.
* intrusion: = invasion, attack, 침략
ex> She witnessed the car accident.

The museum educates future generations about their homeland's heritage.

The exhibition areas have 9,000 items under different themes.

You can see various weapons and equipment ranging from prehistoric to modern times.
ex> We offer clothes ranging from kids to adult size.
ex> They gave away presents ranging from toys to plane tickets.

There are also paintings of heroic figures like An jung-geun.
* hero  [^|hɪroʊ;^|hi:roʊ] , heroic [hə^|roʊɪk]
ex> Queen Min is a figure of courage to our people.

The surrounding plaza outside hosts the Statue of Brothers, with an elder South Korean soldier and North Korean soldier, which symbolizes the division of Korea today.
ex> Pig dreams symbolize wealth and prosperity.


@ My heart goes out to them.  그분들을 생각하면 마음이 아파 와.

1. It was an invasion of my privacy.
2. She witnessed the tsunami on her trip.
3. This ice cream shop has flavors ranging from vanilla to bacon.
4. She is a very famous sports figure.

8/10 Hangul

DIALOG>> How long have you been learning Hangul?

A: What are you reading?
B: It's a Korean conversation book.
A: But your Korean is fine.
B: No, I need to improve.
A: How long have you been learning Hangul?
B: Since college, but I didn't speak well until I moved here.


RESPONSE>> Talk about the Korean alphabet, Hangul.

Hangul is the simple yet versatile Korean alphabet.
* versatile [^|v3:rsətl][^|v3:sətaɪl]: 다재다능한, 다용도의
ex> This new suitcase is very light and versatile.
ex> The versatile chef could cook many different foods.

It consists of 24 consonant and vowel letters.
* consonant:  자음
* vowel: 모음

Korean was originally written in Hanja, the Chinese characters.
ex> I'm originally from Busan.
ex> The book was originally printed in German.

Sejong the Great of the Joseon Dynasty ordered the creation of a native alphabet in the mid 15th century.
ex> Her mother ordered her to change her outfit.

Jiphyeonjeon, the Hall of Worthies, was set up by Sejong the Great.
* worthy: 현자, 어진 사람, 훌륭한 사람

It consisted of scholars selected by the king and these scholars first formulated the Hangul writing system.
* formulate: 만들어 내다, (계획을) 세우다
ex> We need to formulate a plan.
ex> I want to formulate a new recipe.

The invention of Hangul greatly contributed to Sejong's reputation.
* contribute to: ~에 기여하다
ex> He has a bad reputation.
ex> Our company has a reputation for great customer service.

His reign is known as the golden age of Korean culture.
* reign: 통치, 시대
* golden age: 황금기, 황금시대

The modern name Hangul was coined by Ju Si-gyeong in 1912.
* coin: (어구를) 새로 만들다
ex> My nickname "Jock" was coined by my high school friends.

He was one of the founders of modern Korean linguistics.
* linguistics: 언어학

"Han" means great in archaic Korean, and "gul" means script.
* archaic  [ɑ:r^|keɪɪk]: 고대의, 고어의
* script: 서식, 서체, 문자


@ I need to brush up on my English.  나는 영어 공부를 다시 시작해야 해.

1. The versatile suit can be worn day or night.
2. She originally started working in the Finance Department.
3. The police officer ordered the criminal to get into the car.
4. She doesn't care about her reputation.



Related Topic>>
http://endoscopist-myenglishstudy.blogspot.kr/2011/12/121-king-sejong-great.html

8/9 Mosquitoes

DIALOG>> It itches like crazy.

A: Hey, what's that on your forehead?
B: It's a mosquito bite. It's huge and so embarrassing.
A: My goodness, it is big. Does it itch?
B: Oh, I'm telling you. It itches like crazy. I don't know what to do.
A: Why don't you spray a little bit of hairspray over it?
B: Hairspray? Thanks. I'll try it.
ex> I miss you like crazy.
ex> It hurts like crazy.

RESPONSE>> Talk about how to keep mosquitoes away.

Mosquitoes are probably one of the most annoying insects in the summer.
* annoying: 성가신, = nuisance [^|nu:sns]

Other than causing sleepless summer nights, they suck our blood, which leaves us with red, puffy, itchy bites on our skin.
* puffy: 부어오른, swollen
ex> Other than being small, I think it's a great house.

Not to mention the fact that mosquitoes carry deadly diseases such as malaria, dengue fever and West Nile virus.
* not to mention: ~는 말할 것도 없고
ex> Not to mention the fact that she is very smart.
* deadly disease: 치명적인 질병

Here are some tips on how to ward off mosquitoes.
* ward off: 막아 내다, 떨쳐 내다
ex> She took some antihistamines to ward off her allergies.
ex> How can I ward off my sleeping problems?

Mosquitoes love water and they breed in it.
* breed: 번식하다, 사육하다, produce offspring

Check areas in and around your home for any stagnant water and get rid of them.
* in and around: 안팎으로, 주변에
* stagnant water: 고여 있는 물, standing, still water
ex> There are nice restaurants and shops in and around Samchung-dong.
ex> Japan experienced several major earthquakes in and around the country.

Make sure there are no holes or rips in your window screens.
* rip: 찢어진 곳, 터진 곳, tear
* window screen: 방충망

Mosquitoes are most active during the dawn and dusk hours.
* dusk: 황혼, 해 질 녘
ex> September is the most active month for Hurricanes.

Try to wear long sleeves and pants when you're outside during those hours.


@ Mosquitoes are nothing but trouble.  모기는 골칫덩어리일 뿐이야.
Better safe than sorry.  조심하는 것이 낫지.

1. Other than his illness, he is just a normal teenager.
2. Not to mention the fact he's the only child.
3. I got a flu shot to ward off influenza.
4. Her heart pounded like crazy.

8/8 Insomnia

DIALOG>> I didn't get a wink of sleep last night.

A: Wow, you look tired today. Is everything okay?
B: I didn't get a wink of sleep last night.
A: Were you working?
B: No, I stayed up watching sports on TV.
A: Here, drink some coffee.
B: Thank. Next time I'll skip the game and go to bed.


RESPONSE>> Talk about insomnia

Insomnia is a sleep disorder that is characterized by difficulty in falling asleep or maintaining sleep during the night.
* sleep disorder: 수면장애
* be characterized by: ~의 특징을 나타낸다
ex> Many people suffer from mental disorders.
ex> She has difficulty understanding Korean.

Some people frequently wake up or don't feel refreshed even after a good sleep.
ex> You will feel refreshed after a nap.

Symptoms of insomnia are nervous breakdown, chronic fatigue, and difficulty concentrating.
* nervous breakdown: 신경 쇠약
* chronic fatigue: 만성 피로

There can also be irritability and loss of memory.
* irritability: 과민성

Here are some measures to ensure quality sleep.
* quality sleep: 숙면

First, keep your bedroom cool and let air circulate freely.

Keep your bedroom as dark as possible or use an eye-mask.
ex> You have to come here as soon as possible.
ex> I have to get there as quickly as possible.

Avoid eating near bedtime or taking in liquids right before.
* take in: 섭취하다
ex> She takes in a lot of water with her medicine.

You can also try natural supplements like herbs or melatonin.
* supplement: 보충제, 보조제

Sleep deprivation can be torture and if  you have a serious problem, you should consult with your doctor.
* sleep deprivation: 수면 부족
ex> Why don't you consult with some experts?
ex> You need to consult your lawyer before you sign that.


@ My eyes are burning.  눈이 너무 따가워.

1. She has difficulty talking to new people.
2. Do you feel refreshed?
3. Please take in water as much as you can.
4. I will consult with my team members about that.

8/7 Gawee-nulim

DIALOG>> I had a nightmare last night again.

A: Robin, you look tired today.
B: What?
A: I can see dark circles under your eyes.
B: Well, I had a nightmare last night again. A pretty scary one.
A: Oh, poor thing.
B: Anyway, don't say "you look tired" to people. It can be offensive.


RESPONSE>> Talk about gawee-nulim.

Picture this: You wake up in the middle of the night.
ex> He called me in the middle of the night.

You sense a dark presence hovering over you, but you can't really make out what it is.
* sense: ~을 느끼다, 알아채다
* hover over: ~위에 맴돌다, 머물다, = float
* make out: 판별하다, 알아보다, 알아듣다, = figure out
ex> He wrote something here but I can't make out what it is.

You try to cry out for help, but you realize it's impossible for you to move or speak.
* cry out for: ~을 간절히 바라다
ex> The victim cried out for help.
ex> For crying out loud, stop shaking your legs!
 = For Christ's sake, 세상에, 맙소사, (화가 났거나 놀랐음을 나타냄)

You feel as if a ghost were pressing down on you.

It sounds like a scene out of a horror movie, but this phenomenon is in fact very pervasive in Asian culture.
* pervasive: 널리 퍼지는, 골고루 미치는, = common
ex> Witnesses said it was like a scene out of a horror movie.

This somewhat scary condition is called gawee-nulim in Korean, meaning "being pressed down by a ghost."
ex> I'm not angry. I'm just somewhat annoyed.

Gawee-nulim is actually a sleep disorder called sleep paralysis.

Researchers believe that sleep paralysis occurs when your rapid eye movement sleep is inexplicably disturbed.
* inexplicably [inéksplikəbli,ìniksplík-]: 설명할 수 없는 일이지만, 불가해하게
* rapid eye movement (REM): 급속 안구 운동
ex> That restaurant is inexplicably popular among the young people.


@ You talked in your sleep last night.  너 어제밤에 잠꼬대하더라.
You were talking gibberish. I couldn't make out what you said.

1. She was playing the violin in the middle of the night.
2. I can't make out your writing.
3. It was like a scene out of an action movie.
4. This problem is somewhat difficult to me.


Related Topic>>
http://endoscopist-myenglishstudy.blogspot.kr/2012/01/17-sleeping-habits.html

http://endoscopist-myenglishstudy.blogspot.kr/2011/03/35-talk-about-your-sleeping-habits.html

8/6 Blood Type

DIALOG>> What is your blood type?

A: Hey Tae-kyung, I've been meaning to ask you something.
B: What is it?
A: What is your blood type?
B: I believe I'm a type O. Why do you ask?
A: I was just checking. I knew you were a type O.
B: Do you believe that stuff?


RESPONSE>> Talk about blood types in Korean culture.

There is one question that many Koreans almost always ask people when they meet them for the first time.
ex> Sign up here if you're visiting here for the first time.

" What is your blood type?" Don't worry. They're not blood-sucking Vampires thirsty for your blood.
* thirsty for something: ~에 목이 마른

They are just trying to figure out your personality.

It may sound like a shenanigan to you but this wild idea is widely believed in Korea.
* shenanigan [ʃənǽniɡən]: 허튼소리
ex> I'm sure it does sound like a shenanigan to me.
* wild idea: 말도 안되는 생각, 엉뚱한 생각

Many Koreans believe that different blood types actually determine your traits or personality.

Here is the breakdown. Blood type A is introverted and responsible but a bit indecisive at times.
* breakdown: 분류, 구분
ex> What is the breakdown of our customers by age and gender?
* introverted: 내성적인
* indecisive: 우유부단한
ex> I have a tendency to be a little indecisive.

Type B is creative and charismatic but maybe self-centered.
* self-centered: 자기 중심적인

Type O is ambitious and optimistic, but arrogant sometimes.

Finally, type AB is rational and controlled, but a little bit irresponsible.


@ I'm tired of your shenanigans.  너의 허튼소리 이제 못 참겠어.

1. I'm playing golf for the first time.
2. Everybody in this room is thirsty for answers.
3. I can't figure out the answer for this problem.
4. She prepared a breakdown of the report.

8/3 Moonlight Rainbow Fountain

DIALOG>> We should go there at night.

A: Tomorrow is my last day here in Seoul.

B: I know. Where do you want to go today?

A: I heard there is the longest bridge fountain in the world here.

B: Oh, yeah. There is. It’s on the Banpo Bridge.

A: Let’s go right now!

B: Slow down, cowboy! We should go there at night.

RESPONSE>> Talk about the Moonlight Rainbow Fountain of Banpo Bridge.

Did you know there are a total of 31 bridges that cross the Han River?

Most of them beautifully light up at night and offer magnificent scenery.

* light up: 빛을 내다, 불이 들어오다

* magnificent: 화려한, 웅장한

* scenery: 풍경, 경치

Ex> The Christmas tree was lit up yesterday.

Among them, I think the Banpo Bridge stands out from the rest of the crowd.

* stand out: 돋보이다

Ex> She stood out in her class.

Ex> He always stands out in a crowd because of his height.

The entire bridge was renovated in 2009 and a huge water fountain was installed.

* install: 설치하다

Ex> This old temple was renovated recently.

This fountain is called the Moonlight Rainbow Fountain and it is listed as the world’s longest bridge fountain in the Guinness World Records.

* list: 명단[목록]에 포함시키다

There are 380 water nozzles that stretch out some 1,140 meters on both sides of the bridge.

* stretch out: 뻗어 있다

Ex> This rainforest stretches out in all directions.

These shoot out streams of water that dance to a wide range of music.

* shoot out: 발사하다, 분출하다

* a wide range of: 광범위한

At night, more than 200 dazzling LED lights create a beautiful rainbow.

* dazzling: 빛나는, 눈부신

Ex> She has a dazzling smile.

Ex> The wall was decorated with dazzling gems.

@ It’s a must-see.  꼭 봐야 하는 거야.

1.     The beautiful fireworks lit up the city’s night sky.

2.     Her beauty simply stands out in the crowd.

3.     The Gobi Desert stretches across China and Mongolia.

4.     They offer a wide range of foreign language classes.

8/2 Nurungji

DIALOG>> You lost me there.

A: Can I have some water please?
B: Oh, sure. Hey, you want to try some rice tea?
A: What's that?
B: It's called sungnyung. It's a traditional Korean beverage made from nurungji.
A: You lost me there. What is nurungji.
B: Well, nurungji is...


RESPONSE>> Talk about the Korean food called nurungji.

In Korea, one of the most common greetings people say is "Have you eaten your rice?"
* greeting: 인사, 인사말
ex> Have you seen that movie?

For most Koreans, rice is more than just food.
* more than just: ~이상인
ex> Smartphone is more than just a phone.
ex> EBS is more than just a TV station.

It is an integral part of a Korean meal.
* integral [^|ɪntɪgrəl ; ɪn^|tegrəl ]: 필수적인, 없어선 안 될
ex> He is an integral part of our team.

There are many different ways to eat rice.

Among them, my favorite is nurungji.
ex> Among them, I like baseball the best.

After cooking rice in pots or hot stone bowls, a crust of scorched rice sticks to the bottom.
* crust: 빵 껍질, 딱딱한 표면
* scorch: 태우다, 눋게 하다, burn

This crunchy and roasted rice is called nurungji.
* crunchy: 바삭바삭한, crisp

You can just scrape this nurungji from the pot and enjoy it in its crisp state as a snack.
* scrape: 긁어내다
* crisp state: 바삭한 상태
ex> Before you enter, scrape your shoes on the doormat.

Or you can pour hot water or barley tea into nurunfgi and eat it as a soup after a meal.
* barley tea: 보리차
* after a meal: 후식으로
ex> Please take this after a meal.
ex> Make sure you brush your teeth after a meal.

This warm broth is called sungnyung.
* broth: 국, 스프


@ Let it simmer for a few minutes.  몇 분 정도 우려내면 돼.

1. Have you done your homework?
2. Bullying is more than just a teenager problem.
3. Kimchi is an integral part of Korean food culture.
4. Among them, my favorite music genre is jazz.

8/1 Bike

DIALOG>> I should listen to you.

A: Is this your new bicycle?
B: Yup, do you like it?
A: It looks nice. Did you  buy a helmet too?
B: A helmet? I don't like helmets. They are ugly and uncomfortable.
A: You may be right but it can save your life.
B: Well, maybe I should listen to you.


RESPONSE>> Talk about how to keep biking safe.

As people are becoming more conscious about their health, you see more and more people out on their bicycles.
ex> We are so conscious about our environment.
ex> More and more people in the world are becoming fans of K-Pop.

Riding a bike is great exercise.

However, there are things you should keep in mind when you bike.
* keep in mind: 기억하다, 명심하다
ex> My dad told me to keep that in mind.

The most important thing to remember is to wear a helmet.

If you wear helmets properly, it can reduce the risk of serious head injuries.

Second, you should follow all the traffic signs and signals.
ex> For your own sake, please follow the rules.

And never ride against the flow of traffic.
* against the flow: 흐름의 반대로, 흐름을 거슬러서
ex> Salmons swim against the stream.

Make sure you stay in the far right lane when you bike on the road.

Bicyclists had better always wear bright colored clothes or something that reflects light.

Don't assume a driver can see you just because you can see the driver.
ex> He yelled at me just because I was late.


@ I bought a helmet, a cycling jersey, shorts, gloves, the whole nine yards.  전부 다

1. She is very conscious about her appearance.
2. You must keep in mind that using a cellphone impairs your driving.
3. Following instructions is very important for your safety.
4. Don't turn on the air conditioner just because you're hot.


Related Topic>>
http://endoscopist-myenglishstudy.blogspot.kr/2011/10/1014-bicycles.html

7/31 Photography

DIALOG>> You must be camera-shy.

A: Is that a new camera? Wow, nice!
B: Thanks, I just got it last week. I'm still playing around with it.
A: Is photography a hobby of yours?
B: I'm still new at it.
A: Please don't take pictures of me, okay?
B: Ha-ha, okay. I get it. You must be camera-shy.


RESPONSE>> Talk about taking photographs as a hobby.

Photography is my favorite pastime.
ex> Reading is her favorite pastime.

I'm not a professional photographer but I've grown to love it.
* be grown to: ~으로 되어가다
ex> I've grown to enjoy eating vegetables.

It's a great way to capture memories.
ex> The movie captures the love between mother and daughter.

I take my camera everywhere.

I like to be behind the lens because I don't like to pose or mug for the camera.
* be behind the lens: 렌즈 뒤에 있다. (사진을 찍다)
* mug: 과장되게 표정을 짓다

I'm too shy for that.

The trickiest part of taking a photo is setting up the shot.
* the trickiest part: 제일 어려운 부분
ex> The trickiest part of making the cake is the frosting.
* set up the shot: 사진을 설정하다
ex> They're setting up the room for the meeting.

You need to pick a good spot and make sure the lighting is just right.

Sometimes, I take candids of my friends.
* take candid of: ~의 있는 그대로의 모습을 찍다

But I never use Photoshop, it's too unnatural.

I'd like to get a new lens but camera equipment is pretty expensive.

I entered some of my photos into an amateur photography contest.
ex> The amateur tennis player beat him.

I don't think I'll win, but who knows?
* who knows? 아무도 모른다. (반문법)


@ I look washed out.  나 좀 지쳐 보이네

1. I've grown to respect him.
2. The photo accurately captures her personality.
3. I want you to set up the table for me.
4. Don't be such an amateur.