9/12 Placebo Effect

A placebo is a neutral substance that has no medical effect, like water of sugar.
* neutral: 중성의, 중립의
ex> Switzerland has a long history of being neutral in international relations.

The placebo effect happens when some people experience a benefit after taking a placebo.
ex> She’ll feel batter after taking the medicine.
= pop a pill,   ex> Soon she was popping pills again in an effort to cope with the increasing pressure of her job.

Patients who’ve received the placebo show improvement.
ex> He’ll show improvement after the treatment.

A possible explanation is mental expectation.
* possible explanation: 가능한 설명
ex> One possible explanation was that he was drunk.

If you expect something to happen, the more likely you’ll get a response.
* more likely: ~할 가능성이 큰
ex> She’s more likely to get married this summer than in the fall.

When I was a kid, I asked my Dad if I could have a sip of his beer.
* sip: 한 모금, 조금씩 마시다
ex> She sat there, sipping at her tea.
ex> Can I have a sip? 


@ I’m keeping my hopes up.  난 희망을 잃지 않을 거야.

1. It's hard to be neutral about the subject. 
2. She felt better after taking medicine. 
3. Do you think he will show improvement?
4. It's more likely that you'll get a good grade. 


Talk about the placebo effect.

A placebo is a neutral substance that has no medical effect, like water or sugar.

The placebo effect happens when some people experience a benefit after taking a placebo.

Medical testers give a placebo to some patients and a real treatment to others.

Patients who’ve received the placebo show improvement.

So what causes this?

A possible explanation is mental expectation.

If you expect something to happen, the more likely you’ll get a response.

When I was a kid, I asked my Dad if I could have a sip of his beer.

Unknown to me, it was actually soda.

My brain tricked me into thinking I was drunk.

This proves how powerful the brain is.

PE 9/11 Passed Up Again?

Sounds like a case of sour grapes to me.
ex> After being turned down for membership to the country club, Bill suffered from sour grapes.

Anyway, Joe set all the sale records in our office and was recruited by all the other top firms for two straight years.
* be recruited: to be sought after by a team or company
ex> After high school, Beau was recruited by three Major League Baseball teams.

I can't believe you're taking Klein's side instead of mine.
* take sides/take one's side: to go along with one person or idea over another
ex> I don't mean to take sides, but I think you were completely wrong to speak to her that way.

I'm not taking sides. I'm just offering you a dose of reality.
* a dose of reality: a painful truth that one must accept
ex> I'm not trying to hurt your feelings, I'm just giving you a needed dose of reality - nobody thinks you are funny!

I think the conference will be the perfect chance to resuscitate your career, before it ends up D.O.A.!
* resuscitate: 소생시키다
* D.O.A: abbreviation for "dead on arrival"; a way of saying that something has failed or ended before there was a chance to fix it
ex> After a three-year hiatus from boxing, the fighter's revived career was D.O.A. the first time he stepped back into the ring.

PE 9/10 Steve Jobs Speech - Part 2

But then our visions of the future began to diverge and eventually we had a falling out.
* diverge: 갈라서다, 나뉘다
* falling out: a disagreement that splits two people or groups apart
= disagreement, altercation, quarrel, dispute
ex> A falling out at the Vatican led to a split in the church that lasted for most of the 14th century.

What had been the focus of my entire adult life was gone, and it was devastating.
* devastating: painful or destructive
ex> The devastating punch sent the boxer crashing to the floor.

I felt that I had let the previous generation of entrepreneurs down - that I had dropped the baton as it was being passed to me.
* let someone down: to fail someone; give someone bad news
ex> I let my family down when I told them I was dropping out of school.
* baton [bə^|tɑ:n]: 배턴, 지휘봉

But something slowly began to dawn on me - I still loved what I did.
* dawn on:  to occur to someone; realize suddenly
ex> Last night it dawned on me that my presentation to the board was tomorrow and I wasn't prepared.
ex> Suddenly it dawned on me that they couldn't possibly have met before.

I didn't see it then, but it turned out that getting fired from Apple was the best thing that could have ever happened to me.
* turn out: to result in, often occurring as a surprise
ex> As it turned out, the fish he caught was a world record tuna.

9/11 Instant Coffee

It really depends on what I’m in the mood for.
* be in the mood for: ~할 기분이다
ex> What are you in the mood for tonight?
cf> atmosphere, ambience(=ambiance)
ex> The hotel has a great ambience.

It would really wake me up.
* wake up: 정신을 차리다, 일어나다
ex> You need to wake up and smell the coffee! 정신 차리고 상황을 직시하다
ex> It's time to wake up and smell the coffee; you're not going to pass his course unless you start working harder.

Sometimes I just grab instant coffee mix.
* grab: 붙잡다, 급히 ~을 하다
ex> Let’s go grab a quick bite.
I can’t walk anymore. I’m going to grab a cab.

I just tear open a coffee mix packet and add hot water.
* tear open: 뜯어서 열다, 찢어서 열다
ex> He just tore open the envelope to see what was inside.
* packet: 통, 봉지, 패킷

Water should be twice as much as coffee mix.
* as much as: ~과 같은 양, ~한 만큼
ex> My car costs half as much as yours.


@ Tell me about it.  무슨 말인지 잘 알아.

1. I'm in the mood for horror movie
2. Do you want to grab a quick bite before the movie starts? 
3. I quickly tore open a package of ramyeon seasoning.
4. Her bag cost twice as much as mine. 

Talk about instant coffee mix.

What kind of coffee do you like? I guess for me, it really depends on what I’m in the mood for. Right now, I would love to have a cup of freshly brewed coffee! It would really wake me up. Sometimes I just grab instant coffee mix. I call it coffee mix and it’s basically a mixture of instant coffee, sugar and powdered cream. Whenever I have a sugar craving, I just tear open a coffee mix packet and add hot water. Water should be twice as much as coffee mix. I usually use a paper cup. I don’t know why but it just tastes better in a paper cup. There are other varieties as well. Some instant coffee packets only contain freeze-dried coffee, no sugar, no cream.

9/10 Power Shortage

You’ve heard it time and time again.
* time and time again: 몇 번이고 계속해서
ex> He tells that story time and time again.

We all need to conserve energy.
* conserve: 절약하다, 보존하다
ex> I need to conserve fuel for the long ride.

The government has repeatedly issued power shortage alerts.
* repeatedly: 반복적으로, 되풀이하여
ex> He was repeatedly issued warnings from his teacher.

I have and it freaked me out.
* freak out: 기겁하다, 흥분하다, 놀라게 하다
ex> It freaked me out to hear that we had been robbed.
ex> I freaked out because I didn’t bring my passport.

It’s signal for us to take action.
* signal: 신호, 조짐
ex> It’s signal for you to take better care of yourself.


@ It’s a wake-up call.  경종을 울리는 거야.

1. I told her time and time again not to drive so fast. 
2. The singer had to conserve her voice for the concert. 
3. I've repeatedly issued warnings about his tardiness. 
4. It freaked me out to see you in such pain.

Talk about a power shortage crisis in Korea.

You’ve heard it time and time again. We all need to conserve energy.

But do you really listen?

The government has repeatedly issued power shortage alerts.

Our energy reserves are dangerously low.

Have you ever experienced a blackout?

I have and it freaked me out.

Korea has been suffering from power shortages for a while now.

It’s a signal for us to take action.

Businesses are now required to cut electricity use.

Households who reduce power consumption can get cuts in utility bills.

That’s a big incentive by making a few small changes.

I didn’t even notice how much energy I was wasting until now.

It may be an inconvenience at first, but you get used to it.

9/9 Arisu

I used to drink straight from the tap.
* tap: 수도꼭지
ex> I told you to turn off the tap!

It had that distinct chlorine taste.
* distinct: 독특한, 뚜렷한
ex> Every house I’ve been to had a distinct smell.

My mom told me it wasn’t safe to drink the tap water unless it was boiled.
* unless: ~하지 않는다면, ~을 제외하면
ex> I can’t help you unless you tell me what’s wrong.

I guess tap water wasn’t really safe back then.
* back then: 그때는, 그 당시에는
ex> Back then, I didn’t have a lot of money.

Arisu has passed 155 water quality tests recommended by the WHO.
ex> We strongly recommend you tune into our show every morning.


@ He stood me up last night!  그가 어젯밤 날 바람맞혔어!

1. This machine makes a distinct sound.
2. Your smartphone should be on the table unless someone has moved it.
3. She was really beautiful back then.
4. I strongly recommend you insure your smartphone.

Talk about Seoul city tap water called Arisu.

What kind of water do you drink at home? When I was young. I used to drink straight from the tap. It had that distinct chlorine taste. You probably know exactly what I’m talking about. My mom told me it wasn’t safe to drink the tap water unless it was boiled. I guess tap water wasn’t really safe back then. However, that’s not the case today! Seoul has spent hundreds of billions of won to improve the quality of its tap water. They even named their water, Arisu. Arisu was the name used for the Han River during the Goguryeo Dynasty. You many wonder, is it safe to drink Arisu? Arisu has passed 155 water quality teats recommended by the WHO.

PE 9/9 Last Trip to the Beach!

Why is he always my dog when he does something bad and your dog when he's being endearing?
* endearing [ɪn^|dɪrɪŋ] : lovable and sweet
ex> I think it's so endearing when our baby coos in her sleep.

Don't have a cow, let's just find our dog.
* have a cow: to overreact to sth in a loud and unnecessary way; get angry or upset
= blow a fuse, fly off the handle, be up in arms, hit the roof
ex> It's only a C in English, don't have a cow!

I don't think we need to do that. Look, Skipper seems to be waiting for us, not vice versa.
* vice versa: the exact opposite
ex> We can go to your parents' house for Thanksgiving and then my parents' for Christmas, or vice versa.

There you go again! Just get in the car and drive, you big jerk.
* There you go again/There he[she] goes again: when sb repeats the same bad or annoying behavior or says the same thing again,  또 시작이구나, 또 그 얘기이구나
ex> There he goes again with his rant about government conspiracies.

Enough sweet talk, honey, we've got some rays to catch! Let's go.
* catch some rays/some rays to catch: to get a suntan or spend time enjoying the sunshine
ex> I can't wait to get out on the beach and catch some rays!