1/28 Sampling Corners

DIALOG>> They're giving away samples.

They're giving away samples.
* give away: 나눠 주다.

It looks like dumplings.

Do you want to go try a piece?

Let's just go wait in line.
* wait(get/stand) in line: 줄 서서 기다리다.
ex> We waited in line for two hours.


RESPONSE>> Talk about sampling corners at large discount stores.

Large discount stores often use a very effective marketing strategy.
ex> Salespeople use effective marketing strategies these days.

They have booths set up where free samples are given away.
ex> She always loads up on all the free samples they give away.

Friendly workers will prepare bite-size pieces of food for the customers.
* bite-size piece: 한 입 크기
ex> Buffet restaurants usually serve bite-size pieces of dessert.

There are toothpicks for you to use to pick up the pieces.
* toothpick: 이쑤시게
ex> Restaurants will usually have a case of toothpicks at the cash register.

Shoppers sometimes end up buying a lot of extra stuff because of these sampling booths.
ex> He ended up not going to the dinner party.


@ Before you take off, do you want to have a cup of coffee?  가기 전에 커피 한잔할래?

1. Banner advertisements are no longer an effective marketing strategy.
2. More celebrities are giving away their wealth these days.
3. Slice these tomatoes into bite-size pieces.
4. We always end up arguing.

1/27 Gastritis

DIALOG>> It may be gastritis.

My stomach's been killing me.

I just feel nauseous.

My stomach is burning too.

It may be gastritis.


RESPONSE>> Talk about gastritis.

Gastritis is a very unpleasant and common medical condition.
ex> Getting shots is a very unpleasant experience.
ex> He has a medical condition that requires surgery.

It's when the lining of your stomach becomes inflamed.
* the lining of one's stomach: 위벽
* inflamed: 염증이 생긴
ex> The doctor said the problem was in the lining of my stomach.

You can stomach pain, nausea, and a burning sensation in your upper abdomen.
ex> I usually get a burning sensation when I eat spicy foods.

This can result in indigestion and vomiting.
ex> Being too stressed can result in indigestion.

To prevent gastritis, you should avoid excessive drinking or being overly dependent on painkillers.
ex> Excessive drinking can lead to liver injury.

Genetics, irregular meals, and stress can also be causes.

You can get a gastroscopy for a more accurate diagnosis.
ex> My doctor recommended I get a gastroscopy.

You can take medication like antacids to get rid of it.


@ Why don't you take up bowling?  볼링을 시작해 보면 어때?

1. Too much drinking can damage the lining of your stomach.
2. I have a burning sensation in my chest.
3. I think I've had indigestion since this morning.
4. I get a gastroscopy at least once a year.

1/26 Cosmetic Surgery

DIALOG>> She got double eyelid surgery.

I heard that she got double eyelid surgery.

Her nose looks a bit different as well.

She got a nose job too.

She looks happy with her new looks.


RESPONSE>> Talk about plastic surgery.

Plastic surgery is incredibly common in Korea.
ex> Don't be embarrassed because that's incredibly common.

It's almost shocking to see how many plastic surgery clinics there are in some parts of Seoul
ex> The number of deaths from the earthquake was shocking.

Going under the knife to improve certain features can boost one's self esteem.
* go under the knife: 수술을 하다.
* boost one's self esteem: 자신감을 고취시키다.
ex> He's going under the knife this week for his heart condition.
ex> We have to help our children boost their self esteem.

Koreans will typically get double eyelid surgeries, nose jobs, or breast implants.
* breast implant: 가슴 확대 수술

However, there are critics that say this trend is getting out of hand.
* get out of hand: 과도해지다, 도를 넘어서다.
ex> There are many critics to the new government policy.
ex> The situation is getting out of hand.

Some people end up undergoing surgery multiple times while others suffer from serious side effects.
* undergo surgery: 수술을 하다.
ex> She suffered from severe depression for years.

Many of these surgeries come with a hefty price tag.
* come with a hefty price tag: 비용이 상당히 비싸다.
ex> Being famous can come with a hefty price tag.


@ You should take down the photos.  사진을 내려야 할 것 같아.

1. Putting on makeup can boost your self esteem.
2. The situation got out of hand after that incident.
3. Whenever I get stressed out, I suffer from a terrible headache.
4. The scandal come with a hefty price tag for him.

1/25 Fishing

DIALOG>> I'm thinking of going fishing.

I'm thinking of going fishing.

I don't get fishing.
* get: understand

You need patience.

The feeling when the fish bites makes it all worth it!


RESPONSE>> Talk about various ways of fishing.

Commercial fishermen will often take out boats with nets to catch as many as they can.
* net: 어망
ex> I could see fishermen taking out their boats for the day.

Recreational fishermen take a different approach.
ex> Let's try a different approach with this one.

They usually set up their fishing rods along river banks or on seashore rocks.
* seashore rock: 해안가 바위
* fishing rod: 낚시대
ex> Let's set up our tents over here.
ex> Don't forget to pack the fishing rods for the trip.

The essential equipment for fishing are hooks, floats, reels, and of course the bait.
* float: 찌
* bait: 미끼
* reel: 릴 (낚싯줄 감는 장치)

Some people prefer going on board a boat to fish.
* go on board a boat: 배에 승선하다.
ex> This was the first time I'm going on board a boat.

They normally set off to sea before dawn.
* set off to: ~로 출발하다.
ex> The sailor got ready to set off to sea.

This refers to the sensation you get when you feel the fish take a bite.
* take a bite: 한 입 물다.
ex> I felt a tickling sensation when I did that.
ex> The fish didn't take a bite all day.


@ I'll take care of that.  그 일은 내가 처리할게.

1. We took out a boat to a nearby island.
2. If you think you've hit a dead end, try a different approach.
3. Let's get on board the boat since we will soon set off to sea.
4. She felt a weird sensation when she walked into the room.

1/24 Online Shopping

DIALOG>> This new site has such cute clothes.

You've been on the computer all day!

You're such a shopaholic.

I prefer trying on my clothes before buying them.

I can always send something back if I don't like it.
ex> I had to send the gift back because I couldn't accept it.


RESPONSE>> Talk about various ways to shop online.

It's no exaggeration to say that everything can be bought online these days.
ex> It's no exaggeration to say that everybody has a smartphone these days.

Large portal shopping sites are very convenient because they off everything.

Groceries or books can be ordered online easily.
ex> Kitchen supplies can be ordered online at this website.

Many people even buy their clothes on the Internet.

There are many pictures and reviews to give the buyer a better idea of what they're buying without seeing it in person.
ex> Can you give me a better idea on how the company is doing?

Celebrities often run or endorse fashion sites to lure in people.
* endorse: 지지하다, 홍보하다.
* lure in: 끌어들이다, 유혹하다.
ex> Freebies are used to lure in customers.

Social commerce sites offer great deals on goods or coupons for a group of people buying them together.
* offer great deals: 할인가를 제공하다.
ex> I know a store that offers great deals on all the hottest items.


@ We could take apart the whole thing and put it back together later on.  전체를 분해해 볼 수 있다.

1. It's no exaggeration to say that they are leading the fashion trend.
2. This manual will give you a better idea of how things should be done.
3. It seems that the victims were lured in by someone.
4. I found an online shopping mall that offers great deals on jeans.

1/23 School Uniforms

DIALOG>> Did you wear uniforms to school?

Did you wear uniforms to school?

It was such a pain.

I couldn't wait for college.


RESPONSE>> Talk about the pros and cons of school uniforms.

Opinions are split when it comes to school uniforms.
* split: 분할하다, 나누다.
ex> Opinions are split on the FTA with America.

Here in Korea, most middle and high school studnets wear uniforms.
ex> Make sure to wear your uniform to the event.

There are both pros and cons to this.
* pros and cons: 일장일단, 찬성과 반대
ex> What are some of the pros and cons to your decision?

School uniforms help parents save money on their children's clothes.
* save money on: ~에 대해 돈을 절약하다.
ex> I'm trying to save money on food by not going out too much.

Uniforms allow students who are worse off to blend in better.
* worse off: 형편이 어려운 (opp: well off)
* blend in: 융화되다, 조화를 이루다.
ex> She's a lot worse off than I am.
ex> Blend in and try not to be noticed.

There's also the fact that they are hot and uncomfortable during the summer.

Students usually don't like uniforms because they can't express their individuality.
* express one's individuality: 개성을 표현하다.
ex> Makeup can be a way to express your individuality.


@ You really take after your father.  너 아버지를 정말 많이 닮았더라.

1. Opinions are split over who should get the MVP award.
2. She is worse off than before.
3. Young students these days are good at expressing their individuality.
4. Let's consider the pros and cons of the current situation.

1/21 Commute

DIALOG>> How do you commute to work?

How do you commute to work?

I mostly drive my own car.

There's one day of the week I can't drive my car.

I take public transportation that day.


RESPONSE>> Talk about how you get to work.

I can either take the bus or the subway there.
ex> You can either take the freeway or the expressway.

If the traffic is bad such as on Mondays, it takes a little longer than that.
ex> The traffic is always bad on this road.

There's a bus stop just five minutes away from where I live.
ex> There's a convenience store just five minutes away from here.

The only problem is that the bus in the mornings is packed with people.
ex> The subways are packed with people at this time.

It can be a challenge to get on it sometimes.

If I feel like getting some exercise, I head out 10 minutes early and walk to the station.
* head out: 나가다, 출발하다.
ex> I'm going to head out in five minutes.

I have to go roughly 15 stations altogether and transfer once in the middle.
ex> Get off at this stop and transfer to bus number 150.


@ Let me switch off the heater.  내가 보일러 끌게.

1. The traffic is always bad on this road.
2. The bus was packed with passengers.
3. You have to head out now to get there on time.
4. It's a hassle to transfer buses to get there.

1/20 K-pop

DIALOG>> K-pop is taking over the world!

K-pop is taking over the world!
ex> Facebook seems to be taking over the world.

I thought it was just in Asia.

K-pop fans are exploding in all regions.


RESPONSE>> Talk about the spread of K-pop across the world.

K-pop is no longer big in Korea or Asia.
ex> Many Korean boy/girl groups have become very big in Asia.

There are millions of fans all across the world.
ex> Our university has students from all across the world.

Top agencies are now trying to find talented youngsters with an international appeal.
* appeal: 매력

That's why we see more non-Koreans or multi-lingual members in girl/boy groups.

K-pop is especially doing well in the Japanese market.
ex> Despite his hardships, he's doing well these days.

These days, releasing music in Japan is almost a given.
* a given: 당연지사, 기정사실
ex> To own a smartphone is almost a given these days.

Groups like the Wonder Girls, Girls' Generation are also hoping to get a piece of the American market.
* get a piece of: ~의 일부를 받다, 한몫 잡다.
ex> Everyone is trying to get a piece of the smartphone app craze.

Top entertainment agencies such as SM, YG and JYP are putting on mega-hit concerts in Europe, Australia, and North America.
* put on: 상연하다.


@ Let me just swing by home real quick.  나 집에 정말 잠깐 들를게.

1. K-pop is becoming bigger and bigger across the world.
2. The smartphone craze has taken over the world.
3. The move did especially well in the North American market.
4. I think that's a given.

1/17 Jeon

DIALOG>> I've been craving some kimchi jeon.

Do you want to get some jeon and makgeolli?

I guess that is the Korean tradition.

I know this killer jeon place down the road.
* killer: 끝내주는
ex> There's this killer pasta place you need to try.

I've been craving some kimchi jeon.
* crave: 갈망하다, 열망하다.


RESPONSE>> Talk about Korean jeon.

Jeon is basically the Korean version of a pancake or pizza.
ex> This is the Korean version of fast food.

Various vegetables are coated in a flour mixture and cooked like a pancake.
ex> The shrimp first needs to be coated in bread crumbs.

The list of different types of jeon is endless!

Some popular jeons use zucchinis, seafood, kimchi, green onions, chili peppers, chives, and mung beans.
* zucchini: 애호박
* green onion: 대파
* chive: 부추
* mung bean: 녹두

You can be creative and come up with your own unique type as well.
* come up with: ~을 생각해 내다, 만들어내다.
ex> He came up with an idea for the birthday party.

You can always see jeon at big Korean parties or during traditional holidays.
ex> Traditional holidays in Korea include Chuseok and Lunar New Year's.


@ You're definitely going to stand out.  너 확 튀겠는데..

1. Chuseok is the Korean version of Thanksgiving.
2. We're suffering from endless bad luck.
3. You have to come up with your own way of training.
4. I found a killer restaurant near here.

1/19 Recycling

DIALOG>> I have a bag for recyclables by the door step.

I have a bag for recyclables by the doorstep.

I'll take them out.

I'll take them out on my way out.

You can't miss it.

RESPONSE>> Talk about how recycling is done in Korea.

Recycling has become a necessity in this day and age.
ex> Computers are now a necessity for most people.

It's eco-friendly because we're wasting a lot less.
ex> This company is very eco-friendly in its manufacturing process.

We are required by law to recycle.
ex> We're required by law to pay taxes.

When collecting trash, people separate their plastics, aluminum cans, papers and glass materials.

Apartment complexes make it easy to dispose of recyclables by having separate bins for each item.
ex> Please dispose of your trash in the proper places.

Some complexes have designated days when recyclables are collected.
* designated: 지정된
ex> We have designated days when we can take out the garbage.

Koreans even take out their food waste separately.
ex> Would you mind taking out the trash?
ex> We collect food waste in that bag over there.

Because households don't have food disposals under the kitchen sink.


@ He finally stepped down from office.  그는 마침내 사퇴했다.

1. Recycling is required by law in Korea.
2. You have to separate recyclables from ordinary trash.
3. I take out the garbage every other day.
4. Don't leave the food waste like that.

1/18 Organic Food

DIALOG>> They're organic.

We need vegetables for the salad.

They're organic, They're expensive, but they're better for you.


RESPONSE>> Talk about rising demand for organic products.

Many people have been switching to buying organic products.
* switch to: ~로 바꾸다.
ex> I switched to an Android phone from an iPhone.

"Organic" means the goods were produced without any chemicals, pesticides, preservatives, or genetic modification.
* pesticide: 살충제
* preservative: 방부제
* genetic modification: 유전자 조작
ex> This shampoo was made without any chemicals.

They refers to foods or goods produced all naturally.
ex> She was referring to you during that speech.

Although there are health benefits, organic goods are more expensive.
ex> The health benefits from exercising are great.

People with sensitive skin like to only use organic soap or makeup products.

Companies are taking advantage of the organic craze.
* craze: 열풍
ex> He's really taking advantage of his employee discount.
ex> The organic craze has been getting bigger and bigger in Korea.

Many are coming up with organic versions of their products.
* come up with: ~을 만들어 내다.

The demand for organic goods is rising every year.
ex> Supply and demand run the economy.


@ Thanks for standing up for me in the meeting.  회의 때 날 지지해 줘서 고마워.

1. Maybe I should switch to organic goods.
2. What health benefits does that exercise have?
3. I want to take advantage of this opportunity.
4. There is an organic craze in Korea these days.

1/16 Makgeolli

DIALOG>> Makgeolli goes best with pa-jeon.

Do you want to grab a drink tonight?

They really have good side dishes as well.

Makgeolli goes best with pa-jeon.


RESPONSE>> Talk about the popularity of makgeolli.

Makgeolli has become one of the most popular alcoholic drinks in Korea as of late.
* alcoholic drink: 주류, 술
ex> What's your favorite alcoholic drink?

It's a traditional Korean rice wine made from various fermented grains.
ex> He's mastered the art of producing fermented grains.

The top layer of the final product is a smoother drink called dong-dong-ju.
ex> The top layer of the cake is chocolate.

Makgeolli is the bottom layer with more sediment mixed in.
* sediment: 침전물
ex> The bottom layer of the rice was burnt a little.
ex> There are various sediments at the bottom of the ocean.

Makgeolli used to be considered a farmer's drink, but now it's popular among all age groups.
ex> This movie is appropriate for all age groups.

There are many bars that offer different makgeolli flavors or cocktails.

Makgeolli has been increasing in exports to other countries.
ex> Korean films have been rising in exports.


@ They just stood by and watched.  다들 그냥 가만히 서서 보고만 있었어.

1. I personally don't like alcoholic drinks.
2. The singer has fans from all age groups.
3. There will be sediments at the bottom layer.
4. Korea has been a steady rise in exports.

1/14 Fried Chicken

DIALOG>> Should we order some fried chicken?

Should we order some fried chicken?

Get the half-and -half: half standard, half marinated.
* marinated: 양념된

Let's get boneless chicken, I hate picking out the bones.


RESPONSE>> Talk about fried chicken.

Fried chicken is an incredibly popular snack meal in Korea.
* snack meal: 간단한 식사
ex> That girl group is incredibly popular.

Although people order it all year-round, it's especially popular during the summer or during sporting events.
* all year-round: 일 년 내내
ex> I wish it was my birthday all year-round.

Most fried chicken places offer delivery services.
ex> Do you offer delivery services for outside of Seoul?

Some places are open around the clock.
* around the clock: 24시간 내내
ex> Convenience stores are open around the clock.

There are a variety of menus to choose from.

You can get the standard fried chicken or the marinated one.

If you can't make up your mind, you can go with the half-and-half order.
ex> The half-and-half order gives you a wider choice.

You can order boneless chicken or just the wings or drumsticks.
* drumstick: 닭 다리

The pickled radish cubes that come along with each order really go well with the fried chicken.
* pickled radish: 절인 무
* come along with: ~와 함께 나오다.
* go well with: ~와 잘 어울리다.
ex> This scarf goes well with this outfit.


@ We tried to stick to the schedule.  우리는 일정을 맞추려고 노력했어.

1. My brother is incredibly popular with girls.
2. The island gets tourists all year-round.
3. We decided to make a half-and-half order of pizza.
4. Wine goes well with steak.

1/11 Facebook

DIALOG>> Are you on Facebook?

Are you on Facebook?
ex> Is your brother on Twitter?

I'll try to find you and friend you.
ex> I had to de-friend her after our breakup.

You can look me up under Su-jin's page. I'm friends with her.

I'll post up these pictures.
ex> Did you post up the pictures from the party yet?

RESPONSE>> Talk about what people do on Facebook.

Facebook is the most widely-used social networking service in the world.
ex> Our brand is the most widely-used in this industry.

Currently, there are over 800 million users worldwide.

It has become the most-used social networking service in Korea as well recently.

It originally started as a site for university students.

It's now for anyone over the age of 13 with a valid email address to sign up.
* valid: 유효한
ex> We'll send an email to see if this is a valid email address.
ex> I signed up for Pilates classes.

Facebook helps you stay connected with your friends.

You can post pictures, video clips, status updates, and wall messages to your friends.

With smartphones, you can access your Facebook account wherever you are.
* access: 접속하다.
ex> You can access your bank account from any computer.


@ I wish he would speak up.  그가 말을 조금 더 크게 하면 좋겠어.

1. All my friends are on Facebook.
2. Do not friend your colleagues on Facebook.
3. Where should I go to sign up?
4. He posted up a video clip of his son.

1/13 Management Fee

DIALOG>> My monthly management fee came out to be so much.

My monthly management fee came out to be so much.
ex> The management fee covers various services.

How much did your gas come out to be?

I get a separate bill for gas.

You'll just have to try to make ends meet.
* make ends meet: 수입과 지출을 맞추다.
ex> We barely made ends meet this month.


RESPONSE>> Talk about monthly management fees people pay.

If you live in an apartment, you get an invoice for your management fee every month.
* invoice (=bill): 청구서
ex> We'll mail you an invoice this week.

The bill covers your electricity, water, cleaning, maintenance and security fees.

All the miscellaneous things we don't even think about are also listed on the invoice.
ex> This category is for all the miscellaneous items.

This includes fees for basic TV reception, elevator usage, and food waste collection.

Gas and phone bills need to be paid separately.
ex> The bill has to be paid separately.

Many households pay their management fee through automatic bank transfer.
ex> Just pay the phone bill via automatic bank transfer.


@ They're trying to sort out their problems.  그들은 문제를 해결하려고 노력 중이야.

1. My husband pays the management fee every month.
2. I can't remember such miscellaneous things
3. I pay my phone bills through automatic bank transfer.
4. I can barely make ends meet with my salary.

1/12 Korean Names

DIALOG>> She changed her name.

She changed her name.

It's legal and everything.

What was wrong with Seung-eun?


RESPONSE>> Talk about how Korean names are made.

Koreans place a lot of weight on their names.
* place a lot of weight on: ~에 큰 의미를 부여하다.
ex> She places a lot of weight on appearance.

Korean names are usually three syllables, the first one being the family name.
* family name (= surname, last name): 성
* given name (= first name): 이름
ex> The family name is read first and then the given name.
* syllable: 음절
ex> How many syllables are there in that word?

The following two syllables make up the given name.

The UN Secretary General's surname is Ban and his given name is Ki-moon.

Korean names are based on Chinese characters.
ex> The movie is based on a true story.

There are pure Korean names that are not based on Chinese characters.
ex> She has such a pure heart.

Keep in mind that there are rare cases of a one-syllable first name or a two-syllable last name.
ex> Keep in mind that I'll come to pick you up at 7.

There are fortune tellers who professionally make names for people.


@ We should speak out about the matter more.  우리는 이 문제에 대해 더욱 목소리를 높여야 한다.

1. She does not place much weight on appearance.
2. You have the same given name as my friend.
3. This book is based on a true story.
4. Please keep in mind what I said.

1/10 Dried Persimmon

DIALOG>> Gotgam are dried persimmons.

They are dried persimmons. It's a popular snack in Korea.

They taste pretty good.

I'll give it a try.


RESPONSE>> Talk about dried persimmons.

Gotgam, or dried persimmons is a winter delicacy in Korea.
* winter delicacy: 겨울철 별미
ex> Red bean porridge is a winter delicacy in Korea.

They're a delicious and nutritious snack.
ex> Children need to eat nutritious foods.

They make great gifts as well, because people of all ages enjoy them.
ex> This movie is for people of all ages.

There's even a famous Korean folk tale where dried persimmons were able to scare away a vicious tiger.
* vicious: 악한
* folk tale: 전래 동화, 민담
* scare away: 겁을 주어 쫓아내다

You simply clean and peel the persimmons.
* peel: 껍질을 벗기다.
ex> Koreans tend to peel apples before they eat them.

Remove excess moisture and then hang them up to dry in a ventilated area for 3 to 4 weeks.
* hang up: 걸어 두다
ex> Hang up the painting on the wall over there.
* ventilate: 통풍시키다, 환기하다

When they are dry enough, enjoy them whenever you feel like a snack.
ex> If you feel like a snack, have a banana.


@ Do you want to sleep over tonight?  오늘 밤 자고 갈래?

1. My favorite winter delicacy is roasted sweet potato.
2. His music was loved by people of all ages.
3. Wash and peel the potatoes.
4. The room is bright and well-ventilated.

1/9 Driver's Licence

DIALOG>> I'm taking my driver's license test.

I'm taking my driver's license test tomorrow.
ex> You can take the driver's license test if you are over 18 in Korea.

What about the road test?

I've been taking driving lessons.


RESPONSE>> How do you get a driver's license in Korea?

To get your driver's license in Korea, you first have to register at the Driver's License Examination Center.

Once registered, you can take your computer-based written exam.
ex> Everything's digitalized and many tests are now computer-based.

There are 40 multiple-choice questions to get through.

You find out on the spot whether you passed or not.
* on the spot: 현장에서, 그 자리에서
ex> He proposed to her right there on the spot.

If you did pass, you can move on to the road test.
* move on to: ~로 넘어가다.

You first have to clear a driving test on a driving course.
* clear a test: 시험에 합격하다.
ex> I cleared the test and got certificated.

You can take the road test in a car that is provided.
ex> She was nervous when she was taking the road test.

There are many driving schools you can go to where you can prepare for these tests.
* driving school: 운전면허 학원
* prepare for: ~을 준비하다
ex> There are three driving schools you can go to in this area.


@ You should probably just sleep in then.  너 푹 좀 자야겠다.
I haven't slept a wink since yesterday.  어제부터 한숨도 못 잤어.

1. When did you take your driver's license test?
2. You have to get at least 70 points on the written exam to pass.
3. He decided to buy the car on the spot.
4. I thought the road test was easier than the written exam.

1/7 Sleeping Habits

DIALOG>> How many hours do you sleep a day?

How many hours do you sleep a day?

I get about five hours of sleep on average.
ex> She usually gets about 4 hours of sleep a night.

It depends on the person I guess.

I can't get by on five hours of sleep.
* get by: 버티다


RESPONSE>> Talk about your sleeping habits.

I tend to sleep on my stomach.
* sleep on one's stomach: 엎드려 자다
ex> I put the baby to sleep on her stomach.
ex> My puppy always sleeps on his back.
ex> You can get wrinkles if you sleep on your side.

I'm also quite a light sleeper.
* light sleeper: 잠을 깊게 못 자는 사람, opp> heavy sleeper
ex> My mom's a light sleeper and wakes up very easily.

I wake up to small noises.
* wake up to noises: 소리에 잠을 깨다.

I sometimes toss and turn all night because of noises outside.
* toss and turn: 뒤척이다.
ex> She was tossing and turning from nightmares.

When I wake up in the middle of the night, I have trouble falling asleep again.
ex> He had trouble falling asleep with all that noise.

I don't have any problems waking up in the morning.

My alarm will wake me up instantly.

Some of my friends sleep through their alarms.

I do not snore or grind my teeth during my sleep.
ex> I only grind my teeth while sleeping when I'm stressed.


@ You showed up an hour late.  너 한 시간이나 늦었잖아.

1. I got only 3 hours of sleep last night.
2. My wife is a light sleeper.
3. I tossed and turned all night thinking about the exam.
4. I didn't know that I grind my teeth while I sleep.

1/6 Time Difference

DIALOG>> There's a 14-hour difference with Korea.

Do you think it's too late to call New York?

Let me look it up.

There'as a 14-hour difference with Korea.

RESPONSE>> Talk about how time zones are set.

When looking at the time zones, people refer to GMT.

* GMT (Greenwich Mean Time): 그리니치 표준 시간

ex> She referred to chapter 2 and 4 in the textbook.

Greenwich in England is used as the starting point.

* starting point: 시작점

ex> This line was used as the starting point in the race.

For example, Korea is GMT +9, or 9 hours ahead of Greenwich. 

* ahead of: ~보다 앞선

ex> Seoul is ahead of LA by 17 hours.

ex> She's ahead of her classmates in math.

If it's 7 AM in Seoul, it would be 10 PM the day before in Greenwich.

ex> You should call at least the day before to make reservations.

New Zealand's Wellington is the most ahead in terms of time.

* in terms of: ~에 있어서

Some countries make use of the Daylight Savings Time, which has to be taken into account when calculating the time difference.

ex> Did you make use of the coupon I gave you?

ex> There's severe time difference between Sydney and San Francisco.

@ He likes to show off his cars.  그는 자기 차 자랑하는 것을 좋아한다.

1. Please refer to the attachment for detailed information.

2. My company is ahead of its rivals.

3. He returned from his trip the day before yesterday.

4. There's no time difference between Korea and Japan.

1/5 Hairstyle

DIALOG>> Did you get a haircut?

I can see that. What made you do that?

I wanted to change my look for the New Year.

I want to do something new with my hair.
ex> Can we do something new and fun this weekend?

What about getting bangs?
* bangs: 앞머리


RESPONSE>> Talk about what people do at hair salons.

Women often get their hair cut, permed, or dyed at the hairdresser's.
* get one's hair cut: 머리를 자르다.
* hairdresser's 미용실
ex> How often do you get your hair cut?

They do that all in one visit sometimes.
ex> You can get many things done all in one visit.

There are perms to make your hair curly, wavy, or even straight.
* curly: 곱슬곱슬한
* wavy: 구불구불한
ex> My hair used to be curly when I was younger.

Bangs are very popular in Korea.
* bangs: 앞머리

Some women get their bangs trimmed as well.
* trim: 손질하다, 다듬다
ex> I have to go get my hair trimmed.

If the hair is very unhealthy, ladies choose to get a special treatment.

This leaves the hair feeling soft and smooth.

They are just as eager to perm and dye their hair as women.

Those who like low-maintenance hairstyles can opt for a crew-cut or a simple clean-cut style.
* low-maintenance: 손이 덜 가는
* crew-cut: 짧은 스포츠 머리
* clean-cut style: 깔끔한 머리 스타일
ex> I like to keep my hair low-maintenance.


@ Can you help me set up the table?  상 차리는 것 좀 도와줄래?

1. I didn't know that you had gotten your hair done.
2. I made my hair wavy with a perm.
3. You should get your hair trimmed.
4. I like my new hairstyle since it's low-maintenance.

1/4 Rice Cookers

DIALOG>> Where's your rice cooker?

Can you put on a pot of rice?
* a pot of rice:

Where's your rice cooker?

It's in the corner over there.


RESPONSE>> Talk about rice cookers Koreans use.

Most Koreans cannot live without their rice cooker.
* rice cooker: 밥솥
ex> Where do you keep your rice cooker?

Rice is definitely the staple food in Korean households.
* staple food: 주식
ex> Corn was a staple food for many years.

These days, there are so many fancy models that come in all different shapes and sizes.
ex> Cell phones come in all different shapes and sizes.

There are small one's for those who live alone and huge ones to serve hundreds in a cafeteria.
ex> People who live alone can often feel lonely.

There are pre-set timer options or different cooking methods for the type of rice you're making.
* pre-set timer: 예약 타이머
ex> The pre-set timer went off early in the morning.

You can also steam all sorts of food in the rice cooker.
* steam: 찌다
ex> Sweet potatoes taste best when steamed.


@ My parents are pushing me to settle down and start a family.

1. I bought a rice cooker for a friend as a wedding present.
2. Corn is the staple food of this region.
3. The television has a pre-set timer built in.
4. There are many types of steamed dishes in Korean food.

1/3 Weather Forecast

DIALOG>> What are the highs for today?

Did you catch the weather forecast this morning?

What are the highs for today?

The forecast said 2 degrees Celsius.
* Celsius: 섭씨
ex> It was negative 5 degrees Celsius today.

It feels a lot colder with the wind.
ex> It feels a lot colder when it rains.


RESPONSE>> Talk about weather forecasts in Korea.

Weather forecasts usually start with a general overview of the weather for that day.
ex> The professor gave a general overview of the class.

The forecaster typically says the weather will be rainy, cloudy, or sunny.

The forecasters predict how much rain or snow it will bring about.
* bring about: 유발하다, 동반하다.
ex> Your decision will bring about big change.

During the forecast, a map of the Korean peninsula appears on the screen.

With that map, the forecasters tell us the highs and lows of major cities.
* the highs: 최고 기온
* the lows: 최저 기온
ex> There's a big difference between the highs and lows today.
ex> We have to get through all the highs and lows in life.

They also explain in more detail the science behind that day's weather.

They also cover the following week's outlook before signing off.
* cover: 다루다, 보도하다.
* outlook: 전망
ex> Did the teacher cover this chapter in class yet?
ex> The weather outlook for today is that it will rain.


@ They set off on a world tour together.  그들은 함께 세계 일주를 떠났어.

1. Please give us a general overview of the project.
2. I don't know what outcome this incident will bring about.
3. The gap between the highs and lows today will be big.
4. It can drop to minus 10 degrees Celsius in the winter.

1/2 Donations

DIALOG>> Are you going to call in to donate?

It's so sad that some children are starving.

Are you going to call in to donate?

I want to make a donation.


RESPONSE>> Talk about various ways people make donations.

Charity work depends on people's donations.
ex> She does a lot of charity work every year.

You can see people on the streets collecting money for different causes.

Churches and other religious organizations often hold fundraising drives.
* fundraising drive: 모금 행사
cf> blood drive: 헌혈 행사
ex> We hold a fundraising drive at the end of the year.

You may also often see fundraising campaigns on TV.

Viewers can call a number on the screen to make a small donation.
* make a donation: 기부하다.
ex> She made a donation to the charity organization.

You can call in as many times as you want to donate.
* call in: 전화를 걸다.
cf> call in live radio program: 전화 참여가 가능한 라디오 프로그램
ex> I called in to ask them about their prices.

These are Salvation Army workers who take donations for people in need.
* take donations: 기부를 받다.
ex> We'll be taking donations all through December.
ex> It's our duty to help those people in need.

There are many big names that set good examples of noblesse oblige.
ex> He lives his life following noblesse oblige.


@ I'm going to see a friend off at the airport.  공항에서 친구를 배웅할 거야.

1. My school holds fundraising drives at the end of the year.
2. She made a donation for cancer research.
3. There are many people in need around us.
4. Doing charity work is very fulfilling.

12/31 New Year Fortune

DIALOG>> I wish you the best of luck!

It's New Year's Eve already.

Time has just flown by again.

Did you get your fortune told for the New Year.
* get one's fortune told: 운세를 보다.

Really? That's great! Best Wishes!


RESPONSE>> Do you like to get your fortune told for the New Year?

Most Koreans like to find out about their fortunes when the New Year comes around.
* come around: 돌아오다
ex> I don't think it's a good idea to find out about your fortune.

They sometimes personally go to fortune tellers to have their fortune read.
* have one's fortune read: 운세를 보다.
ex> There's a booth where you can have your fortune read.

There are specialized fortune-telling cafes where people can sit down with a fortune teller.

They make various predictions about the New Year.
* predictions: 예측
ex> The analysts made predictions on the stock market.

Some people make use of the information for important things such as marriage or business.
ex> why don't you make use of your spare time between classes?

Others just take it with a grain of salt and do it for fun.
* take something with a grain of salt: ~을 걸러 이해하다.
ex> Just take his words with a grain of salt.

Couples sometimes get their compatibility checked by a fortune teller.
* compatibility: 융화정도
ex> How's the compatibility between you two?


@ I'm scaling back on how much food I eat.  음식 섭취량을 줄이려고 해.

1. They went to see a famous fortune teller to have their fortune read.
2. I have no idea how to make use of this.
3. You should take what she says with a grain of salt.
4. You can check the compatibility of a couple.