3/29 Rainy Weather

Dialog>> I was caught in the rain.

A: Why are you so wet?
B: I was caught in the rain.
* be caught in the rain: 비를 맞다
ex> The man was caught in the rain without an umbrella.
A: Oh, really? Didn’t you have an umbrella?
B: No, I forgot to bring one.
A: The forecast said it was going to rain.
B: I didn’t know that.


RESPONSE>> Talk about a memorable incident on a rainy day.

I was once in a bus getting home.

It suddenly started to rain.

It first drizzled but it soon started to pour.
* drizzle:  light rain falling in fine drops.
ex> I didn’t even know it drizzled today.
ex> It’s been pouring rain out there for hours.

Cars started to go slower and I soon got stuck in some major traffic.
* get stuck in: ~에 발이 묶이다
ex> She got stuck in that boring meeting.
ex> There’s some major traffic on the expressway.

It was at least a ten-minute walk from the bus stop to my house.
ex> It’s about a ten-minute walk from my school.
ex> We squeezed in a brisk ten-minute walk after lunch.

I didn’t have an umbrella with me and thought of buying one at the convenience store.

But I thought it was a waste of money because I had many umbrellas at home.
ex> Buying such a pricey car is a waste of money.

I just got off the bus and started to run. I used my bag as an umbrella.

By the time I arrived home I was soaking wet.
* be soaking wet: 흠뻑 젖다
ex> The kids were soaking wet after playing in the fountain.

@ It will blow over in a couple of days.
며칠 있으면 괜찮아질 거야

1. Because of a sudden power outage, we got stuck in the elevator.
2. Buying designer labels is a waste of money.
3. His shirt was soaking wet with sweat.
4. We could have been caught in the rain.

3/28 Learning a Skill

DIALOG>> I took knitting lessons.

I didn't know you knew how to knit.
I took knitting lessons.
I'm knitting a scarf for my dad.
Why don't you give it a try?


RESPONSE>> Talk about a skill you acquired in your life.

I used to be a skier when I was younger.

But a few years ago, I learned how to snowboard.

It was quite different from skiing.
ex> She's quite different from her sister.

I first started out on the bunny slopes.
* bunny slope: 초급자 코스
ex> He started out as an intern, but soon became a manager.

I learned how to make basic turns.

I fell many times trying to keep my balance on the board.
ex> Try and keep your balance while standing on your toes.
ex> I found it hard to keep my balance on the horse.

I got bruises all over my knees.
* get bruises: 멍이 들다
ex> She got bruises from falling down the stairs.

My whole body was very stiff in the evening.
ex> She was very stiff from being so nervous.

I think I got the hang of it by the third time I went snowboarding.
* get the hang of it: 감을 잡다.
ex> He got the hang of it by the second week.

I became more confident and went on the more advanced slopes.

More recently, I bought my own snowboarding gear.


@ Last night was a blast.  어젯밤은 정말 재미있었어.

1. I didn't start out thinking I would become an actor.
2. Is it harder to keep your balance in the dark?
3. My neck felt stiff after the accident.
4. Slowly, I started to get the hang of it.

3/27 Blind Date

Dialog>> You mean a blind date?

A: How are you doing these days?
B: I feel lonely.
A: Really? Do you want to meet someone?
B: You mean a blind date?
A: Sure, why not? I’ll set you up with one of my friends.
B: What is she like?
* hook someone up: 소개시켜 주다, (set someone up)
cf> introduce: 일과 관련하여 소개시켜주는 것.


RESPONSE>> Talk about a blind date you were on.

I’ve been on quite a few blind dates in my life.
ex> I haven’t been on a single successful blind date.

Back in college, we used to do group blind dates.

Once I was out of school and was working, blind dates became a bit more serious.
ex> Our conversation became a bit more serious throughout the night.

That was because I wanted to meet someone I could have a future with.
* have a future with: ~와 미래를 같이 하다
ex> I really thought I could have a future with him

My friends set me up with guys that were also interested in marriage.
* set someone up with: ~을 소개시켜 주다
ex> They set me up with people they know.

In fact, I ended up going out with a guy I met through a friend.
* end up -ing: 결국 ~하다

But our relationship didn’t last that long.

My parents these days are offering to set me up on formal blind dates as well.
ex>  I’m sick of people saying they’ll set me up on formal blind dates.

I’m not too crazy about those dates though.
* be not too crazy about: ~을 썩 좋아하지 않는다
ex>  I’m not too crazy about the idea of seeing him there.


@ I blacked out as soon as I got home.
집에 오자마자 뻗었어

1. Let me tell you about the worst blind date I have ever been on.
2. Do you think you can have a future with him?
3. My boss set me up with his son.
4. I am not too crazy about hitting on clubs.

3/26 Refrigerator

DIALOG>> The refrigerator is starting to smell.

A. What are you doing?
B. I'm taking out everything from the fridge.
A. Why? Are you cleaning?
B. Yeah. The refrigerator is starting to smell.
A. That's going to be a lot of work!
B. I know. Can you give me a hand?


RESPONSE>> Describe typical refrigerators that are used in Korea.

I think it's safe to say that every household has a refrigerator.
ex> Practically every household in Korea has a computer.

They are necessary to keep foods chilled or frozen.
* food: 음식 종류인 경우에 복수형 -s 붙임
ex> Would you like your tea hot or chilled?
ex> The meat is still frozen solid.

This allows the foods to last longer.
ex> I wish these veggies would last longer.

There are two common types of refrigerators commonly used in Korea.

There's the rectangular shaped frige divided into two blocks.
* fridge: 냉장고
* rectangular: 직사각형의

The smaller block on the top is the freezer and the bigger block on the bottom is the refrigerator.
* freezer: 냉동고
ex> I took the shrimp out of the freezer last night.

There's also the type that's split in half vertically right down the middle.
* split in half: 반으로 나누다
* vertically: 수직으로
* right down the middle: 정 가운데
ex> This sandwich is plit in half so it's easy to share.

The left door is the freezer and the right door is the fridge.

Fancier refrigerators have a water or ice dispenser.
* water/ice dispenser: 물/얼음이 나오는 곳
ex> I helped myself to some water from the water dispenser.

Many Korean homes also have a separate kimchi refrigerator.


@ Don't go out of your way.  너무 무리하지는 마.

1. Almost every household has a pet.
2. Food last longer if you put it in the refrigerator.
3. I hate it when my fridge starts to smell.
4. Let me split the apple in half and give one to you.

3/23 Body Scrubs

Dialog>> Did you give yourself a good body scrub?

A: Where are you coming back from?
B: I went to the public bathhouse.
A: Did you give yourself a good body scrub?
B: Yup. I sure did!
A: No wonder your skin is glowing.
* glow: 광이 나다, 빛이 나다
B: Yeah. I feel so refreshed!


RESPONSE>> Talk about how Koreans like to get body scrubs.

Koreans love to give themselves body scrubs.
ex>  I’m going to give myself a body scrub today.

We use a rough shower cloth and scrub really hard.
* scrub towel = rough shower cloth
ex> My skin turns red if I use a rough shower cloth.
ex> He scrubbed really hard to get rid of the stain.

This exfoliates the dead skin cells.
ex>  I need to exfoliate my body soon.
ex> This treatment helps to get rid of dead skin cells.

Your skin feels soft and refreshed after a scrub.
cf> satin smooth
ex> I always feel refreshed after a good nap.

You can do this at home or at a public bathhouse.
ex> There’s a public bathhouse right down the street.

Public bathhouses have hot and cold tub0s where you can soak in.
* hot tub: 온탕

Soaking your skin in hot water makes scrubbing easier.
* soak in: ~에 담그다
ex> Soak your dirty clothes in hot water before washing.

There are even body scrub professionals that will do the work for you at bathhouses.

This can be compared to spa treatments in the West.
* spa treatment: 스파 케어

However, unlike in the West, Koreans go to bathhouses regularly because they are much cheaper and more common here.


@ I can’t bend my back. 허리를 굽힐 수가 없어
I think I pulled something in my back.  허리를 삐끗한 것같아.

1. I regularly give myself a body scrub.
2. Do not exfoliate dead skin cells too often.
3. I feel refreshed whenever I go there.
4. Don’t soak the silk blouse in hot water.

3/22 Musical Instruments

Dialog>> Can you play any instruments?

A: Can you play any instruments?
B: I used to know how to play the piano.
A: What do you mean you used to know?
B: I learned as a kid.
A: Were you any good?
B: I wasn’t bad. I can’t play at all anymore though.
ex> I haven't done it in so long that I can't play at all now.


RESPONSE>> What kind of musical instruments have you learned to play?

When I was in school, I learned how to play basic instruments such as the recorder and melodeon.
ex> He decided he wanted to learn how to play tennis.
** 운동 경기 앞에는 정관사 [the] 안 붙인다.

I even learned how to play percussion instruments like the tambourine, triangle and castanets.
* percussion instrument: 타악기
ex> You have excellent rhythm and would be great at percussion instruments.

I also remember learning how to play Korean tradition drums like the janggu and buk.

Outside of school, my mother sent me to piano lessons, but I never got to like playing the piano.
ex> My parents sent me  to piano lessons every day.

I quit after several months. In college, I learned how to play the guitar.

I taught myself how to play until I got pretty good at it.
ex> He taught himself how to play the harmonica.

I even performed at a school talent contest with my guitar.
* talent contest: 장기 자랑 대회
ex> The talent contest went on for three hours.


@ My brother used to beat me up.
제 형은 저를 두들겨 패곤 했어요

1. She learned how to play violin when she was young.
2. The performance delivers its message through percussion instruments.
3. He taught himself how to play the piano because he couldn’t afford lessons.
4. Are you going to take part in the talent contest?

3/21 Girl’s Hairstyles

Dialog>> I love how you did your hair today

A: I love how you did your hair today.
B: Thanks. I had some extra time to put in waves.
A: Did you get bangs?
B: Yup. I cut them last week.
A: They look great.
B: I’m still getting used to them.


RESPONSE>> Describe how girls can do their hair in various styles.

Girls place a lot of weight on their hairstyles.
ex> This university places a lot of weight on extracurricular activities.

When girls are young, their mothers will often do their hair for them.

They’ll usually do something quick and easy.

For example, a ponytail, pigtails, or a clean-cut bun.
* ponytail: 한 갈래로 묶은 머리
* pigtail: 양쪽으로 두갈래로 묶은 머리
* clean-cut bun: 깔끔하게 올려 묶은 머리

As girls get older, they may put more time and effort into their hair.
ex> He put time and effort into planning this party.

Many will cut bangs for a new look.
* get bangs (=cut bangs) 앞머리를 자르다
ex> She cut bangs to try and look younger.

Others will use curling irons to put waves in.
* curling iron: 고데기
ex> I burnt my hand on my curling iron.

Many use hair straighteners to make their hair perfectly straight.

Some girls also braid their hair.
* braid one's hair: 머리를 땋다
ex> She can braid her hair in about five minutes

Overall, girls have a choice between putting their hair up or keeping their hair down.
ex> I decided to put my hair up for the dance party.
ex> I noticed she always keeps her hair down.


@ I’m totally beat.
정말 기진맥진해

1. He places a lot of weight on his work.
2. You need to put more time and effort into your assignment.
3. For her first date, she put waves in and wore a pink skirt.
4. She braided her daughter’s hair.

3/20 TV Shows

Dialog>> What are you watching?

 A: What are you watching?
= What's on TV?
B: It’s the final round for a star audition program.
A: Really? Is that one of the finalists?
B: Yes, she’s only 15, but she sings incredibly well.
ex> He cooks incredibly well and his wife loves that.

A: Do you think she’ll win?
B: She has a strong rival. We’ll have to see.

RESPONSE>> What TV programs do you often watch? 

Why do you like watching those programs?

I don’t watch TV too much, but there are several shows I watch pretty often.

When I come home early, I catch the  8 o’clock or 9 o’clock news after having dinner.
ex> Did you catch the latest episode?

I sometimes watch TV drams when there is something interesting on.
ex> I turned off the TV because there wasn’t anything interesting on.

Late at night, I watch Korean talk shows or comedy programs.

On some nights, I tune into in-depth news programs that deal with various social issues.
* in-depth news program: 심층 시사 프로그램
* tune into: ~을 시청하다, 청취하다
ex> Make sure to tune into that show tonight!

Star audition programs are all the rage in Korea these days.
* be all the rage: 대유행이다
ex> It seems taking dance classes is all the rage.

On weekends, I often watch re-runs of these audition programs on various TV stations.
ex> There’s nothing but re-runs on TV tonight.

From time to time, I enjoy watching documentaries on the Discovery Channel or EBS.


@ Are you up for the trip?
여행 갈 마음 있니?

1. Do you want to catch a movie?
2. When I was young, short hair was all the rage.
3. Do you know when the re-run for the drama is on?
4. He handled the situation incredibly well.

3/19 Rock, Paper, Scissors

Dialog>> Let’s do rock, paper, scissors.

A: who gets this last dumpling?
B: I want it!
A: But so do I!
B: Fine. Let’s do rock, paper, scissors.
A: Sounds good
B: Best out of three gets the last piece!
* best out of three: 삼판양승


RESPONSE>> Talk about how people use Stone, paper, scissors in Korea.

One of the oldest and most popular games is rock, paper, scissors.
* rock/stone, paper, scissors: 가위바위보
ex> The kids were playing rock, paper, scissors.

Koreans play this game as much as anybody else.

It’s mostly played with just two people, but it can work for groups as well.

In Korea, the players chant “Gawi, bawi, bo” which means “Scissors, rock, paper”.
* chant: 구호를 (거듭) 외치다
ex> I can’t sing, but I’ll chant along with you.

On “bo”, they need to pick one of the three set hand gestures.
ex> She started making hand gestures at me.

Each gesture symbolizes rock, paper, scissors.
ex> The painting symbolized his pain and sadness.

Rock beats scissors, scissors beats paper, and paper wins over rock.
* beat (= win over) 이기다

The game is often used to decide turns or eliminate people.
* decide turns: 순서를 정하다
ex> What should we do to decide turns?

It can also determine who gets a penalty.
ex> The judges finally determined who the winner was.
ex> If you get a penalty, we get to pick the punishment.


@ Let’s just get it over with.
어서 해치워 버리죠

1. The crowd chanted his name.
2. Not all hand gestures are positive.
3. First, let’s decide turns.
4. I don’t think he deserves to get a penalty.

3/16 Bean Sprouts

Dialog>> A nice bowl of bean sprout soup will definitely help.

A: How are you feeling after last night? You drank a lot.
B: I have such a bad hangover.
A: Do you want to grab some hangover relief soup?
B: Yes, I think I need it.
A: A nice owl of bean sprout soup will definitely help.
B: Let’s go



RESPONSE>> Talk about how bean sprouts are commonly used in Korean food.

Bean sprouts are a very commonly used ingredient in Korean cooking.
* ingredient: 재료
ex> Onions are a commonly used ingredient in my cooking.

Many people like bean sprouts because of their taste and texture.
* texture: 식감, 질감
ex> I like the taste, but the texture is weird.

They’re used all-year-round in main dishes, side dishes, soups, and stews.
* all-year-round: all around year, 일 년 내내
ex> I don’t like that it’s cold here all-year-round.

They’re rich in vitamins and minerals such as iron, magnesium, and potassium.
* be rich in: ~가 풍부하다
ex> These herbal roots are rich in all the essential vitamins.

They can be added to a dish to make it healthier.
ex> Why don’t you add in some veggies to make it healthier?

A common side dish in Korea is blanched and seasoned bean sprouts.
* blanch: (물에) 데치다
* season: 양념하다

You can also add bean sprouts to steamed seafood dishes like agujjim.

There’s also bean sprout soup, which is great for breakfast with rice.

One of the most popular hangover relief soups in Korea also uses bean sprouts.
* hangover relief soup: 해장국



@ He is under a lot of pressure.
그 친구 정신적 압박감이 커.

1. Tomato sauce is a commonly used ingredient in Italian cooking.
2. The shopping center is open all-year-round.
3. The salad is rich in all sorts of vitamins.
4. My mom makes the best hangover relief soup.

3/15 Overseas Vacation

Dialog>> I’m thinking of going on a vacation.

A: I’m thinking of going on a vacation.
B: Really? It’s not even summer yet.
A: I didn’t get to go last year.
B: No kidding. You need a vacation then.
A: Do you have any suggestions?
B: Have you ever been to Macau?


RESPONSE>> Talk about a memorable overseas vacation you went on.

One of my most memorable vacations I took was to Thailand.
ex> My trip to Greece was my most memorable vacation.

My husband and I stayed at a nice private resort during our stay.
ex> You can use this bedroom during your stay here.

The weather was absolutely perfect.
ex>  That vacation was absolutely perfect and memorable.

The color of the ocean was incredible.
* incredible: 믿을 수 없는
ex> My wife’s cooking is incredible.

We enjoyed a lot of sun at the beach and the swimming pool.

Plus, we went out on a speed boat and did some snorkeling.
* go out on a boat: 배를 타고 나가다
ex> He and his girlfriend went out on a boat for their date.
ex> They decided to do some snorkeling before their flight back.

The coral reefs were very colorful and pretty.
* coral reef: 산호초

At night, we ordered room service and had dinner in the candle light.
ex> We ordered room service often and ended up paying a lot of money.


@ The honeymoon days are over. 신혼은 끝났어

1. My most memorable vacation was to Las Vegas.
2. He looks absolutely perfect in this picture.
3. We did some snorkeling on the last day of our trip.
4. He didn’t order room service to save money.

3/14 Scarecrows

Dialog>> That’s a scarecrow.

A: What is that out there?
B: In the rice field?
= rice paddy

A: Yeah, it looks like a person.. but not quite.
B: Wait a minute! That’s a scarecrow.
A: Oh! I’ve never seen one in Korea.
B: Yeah, they scare away the sparrows. They eat the rice crops.


RESPONSE>> Talk about typical scarecrows you can see in Korea.

Scarecrows play an important role in farming.
* scarecrow: 허수아비
ex> He played an important role in this recent project.

Because rice is a staple dish in Korea, they are all the more important here.
* staple dish: 주식
* all the more: 더욱 더, 오히려
ex> Rice is the staple dish in many Asian countries.
ex> Bundling up in the winter wear is all the more important in Korea.

When the rice crops start ripening, farmers will set up scarecrows.
* ripen: 익다
* set up: 세우다
ex> The peaches were ripening to become pink.
ex> He set up scarecrows to chase away the birds.

These scarecrows help to scare away the birds that would otherwise eat up the crops.
* scare away: 쫓아 버리다
ex> My dog scares away strangers.
ex> The spooky events scared away people from the village.
* eat up: 먹어 치우다

Scarecrows basically trick the birds into thinking they are humans.
* trick someone into: ~가 **을 믿도록 속이다
ex>  I tricked him into thinking I was at work.

Make a cross out of two sticks and drive it into the ground.
* drive: 박다
cf> drive hole in the wall. 돌려서 박다.

Put some clothes on it, covering the sticks.

Add a circular bundle at the top for a head and put a hat on it.
* circular bundle: 둥근 꾸러미 보따리
cf> bundle up: 겹겹이 입다.


@ I’m fed up. 지긋지긋해
With dealing with all the work drama! 직장에서 이것저것 일이 너무 많이 터져.

1. She played an important role in her husband’s success.
2. Corn is the staple dish of the region.
3. He scared away the children.
4. I tricked him into thinking I was busy.

3/13 Sports

Dialog>> Do you want to go out to play some badminton?

A: I feel like exercising. I ate too much.
B: Do you want to go out to play some badminton?
A: That’s a great idea. Do you have racquets?
B: Sure. They’re in my car. I’ll go get them.
A: Okay then, I’ll meet you downstairs.
B: Alright.


RESPONSE>>What’s your favorite sports event?
How often do you do it or watch it?

I’m quite an active person.
ex> My new year’s resolution was to become a more active person.
cf> stay (active, healthy)

I play tennis very often.

I’ve played for many years and I’m not that bad.

Tennis is great exercise and I like the people I play with. 운동량이 많다.
ex> Walking can be great exercise.
cf> Tennis is a great exercise. 테니스는 대단한 운동이다.

I also enjoy playing ping pong from time to time.
ex>  I like to go on random trips from time to time.

Another sport I like to do is bowling.

I have my own ball and gear.
ex> He has his own hiking gear which he uses regularly.

I go to the bowling alley several times a month.
* bowling alley: 볼링장

I bowl an average of 160.
* an average of: 평균
ex>  The class scored an average of 72 points on the final exam.

I also play carom billiards with my co-workers sometimes.
* carom billiards: 4구 당구

As for sports matches that I watch, I enjoy watching baseball and soccer.
ex>  We went to the stadium which was packed.
ex>  I get all hyped up when I go to big matches.

I go to the stadium to watch games when there are big matches.
ex> We went to the stadium which was packed.
ex> Big matches tend to be sold out in advance.

I also enjoy watching Olympic events.


@ I’m down for that.
난 그거 괜찮아

Should we go shoot some pool?  포켓볼이나 치러 갈까?

1. My father is a very active person.
2. I play basketball with my friends from time to time.
3. I work an average of 10 hours a day.
4. I always watch big matches at the stadium.

3/12 Stiff Shoulder

Dialog>> My shoulders feel so stiff today.

A: My shoulders feel so stiff today.
B: Why? Did you work them out too hard?
A: No. Maybe I slept wrong.
B: Maybe it’s because you slouch so much!
A: Perhaps. It’s really painful.
B: You should go get a massage.



RESPONSE>> Talk about symptoms related to stiff shoulders.

Many of our daily routines depend on our shoulder muscles.
ex> Going for a morning run is a part of my daily routine.
ex> My shoulder muscles always have knots in them.

Shoulder muscles can get stiff for different reasons.
ex> My neck tends to get stiff after a long flight.

One good reason can be sudden or excessive exercise.
ex> Excessive exercise can lead to fatigue.

Another reason can be a sedentary lifestyle.
* sedentary lifestyle: 좌식 생활 습관
ex> Break your sedentary lifestyle by going for daily runs.

Lack of exercise and bad posture can cause stiffness in our shoulders.
ex> She was overweight from the lack of exercise.
ex> He had a curve in his spine from his bad posture.

There’s a condition called frozen shoulder (= Adhesive Capsulitis).

This is when the shoulder capsule, the connective tissue around our shoulder joint, becomes inflamed.

This results in stiffness, restricted motion, and chronic pain.
ex> Chronic pain is never a good sign for anything.

Frozen shoulder can last for months or even years.


@ I think I’m coming down with something.
나 감기 기운이 있는 것 같아

1. My shoulder muscles got stiff after swimming.
2. Excessive exercise is not good for your health.
3. Fast food and a sedentary lifestyle cause obesity.
4. He has been suffering from chronic back pain for years.

3/10 Weekly Review

1. suffer a stroke 뇌졸중을 겪다.
Suffering a stroke can lead to serious consequences.

2. create a media frenzy 언론의 뜨거운 관심을 받다. crazy
It created a media frenzy all across the world.

3. lack of experience 경험 부족
Many experts express concern about Kim Jong-eun's lack of experience.
My lack of experience was quite obvious.

4. endless hours (of)  끝없이
High school was endless hours of studying and studying.
He spends endless hours of driving for his job.

5. stick around  남다
Other students stuck around for study-hall sessions.
Can you stick around for a while?

6. looking back  돌이켜 보면
Looking back, high school was one of the toughest periods of my life.
Looking back on those days, I realize how happy I was.

7. strike out of nowhere  갑자기 일어나다
Panic attacks strike out of nowhere.
The lightning struck out of nowhere and hit the tower.

8. be unknown  알 수 없다.
The exact cause of panic attacks is unknown.

9. play a role  역할을 하다
Genetics and stress and said to play a role.

10. genre of movie  영화 장르
I'm not into any particular genre of movie.

11. hit the screens  극장에서 상영하다.
I watched most of the blockbusters that hit the screens.

12. be out  나오다
There's a pretty good action thriller out.
When will the movie be out?

13. be safe for human-use  인간이 사용하기에 안전하다
Clinical trials are conducted to test if a drug is safe for human-use.

14. check for side effects  부작용을 확인하다
Clinical trials check for side effects.

15. take years and years  시간이 오래걸리다
Clinical trials typically take years and years to finish.

3/9 Clinical Trials

Dialog>> Have they started clinical trials?

A: I heard they found an innovative way to treat cancer.
* innovative: 혁신적인
B: It will be years until it will be generally used.
A: Have they started clinical trials?
B: Not yet. They’re still experimenting on animals.
A: Oh, well. It’s going to take some time then.
* experiment on: ~에 대해서 실험하다
B: Yeah, but I hope it works in the end.
* work: effective, 효과가 있다


RESPONSE>> Talk about what clinical trials are.

Clinical trials are conducted to test if a drug or procedure is safe for human-use.
* conduct: 실행하다, 일을 진행하다, carry out
ex> She was willing to take part in the clinical trials.
ex> Are you sure this treatment is safe for human-use?

Of course, the goal is also to see whether it works.
ex> I promise you this stain remover works!
ex> This medicine works very well.

Before clinical trials can take place, pre-clinical trials must be done.
* pre-clinical trial: 사전 실험
ex> She took part in protests against pre-clinical trials on animals.

These are often done on cells grown in labs or on animals.
ex> I was horrified to learn of the experiments done on animals.

Once the drug or procedure passes these stages, clinical trials on people are held.
* pass the stage: 단계를 통과하다

The first round will usually be on a small group of people to check for side effects.
ex>  Make sure to always check for side effects when taking medicine.

Each additional round will be on a larger group.

Clinical trials typically take years and years to finish and cost a lot of money, but they are crucial procedures in medicine.
* in medicine: 의학 분야에서
ex> Medical school takes years and years to go through.
ex>  It’s important to follow the exact directions in medicine.


@ I don’t see the point. 의미를 모르겠어

1. The clinical trial for the new drug was finally finished.
2. The medicine works well for coughs.
3. Many diet pills are said to have side effects.
4. There have been many innovations in medicine.

3/8 Movies

Dialog>> Is there anything interesting playing?

A: Do you want to see a movie?
B: Is there anything interesting playing?
A: I’m not sure. Let me check on my phone.
B: I heard there’s a pretty good action thriller out.
ex> The newest book by my favorite author is out.

A: Is it scary? I’m not into horror movies.
B: I’m not either.

RESPONSE>> What kind of movies do you like to watch?

 

I’m not a huge fan of movies, but I go watch one whenever I have the time. 

ex> He's a huge fan of baseball and basketball.

I’m not into any particular genre of movie. 

ex> He's not into going to loud places with lots of people.

ex> This channel plays all genres of movies.

I just watch what’s popular at the time. 

I think I watched most of the blockbusters or their sequels when they hit the screens. 

* hit the screens: 극장에서 개봉하다

* sequel: 속편

ex> There are a lot of exciting blockbusters that play in the summer.

ex> Did the new movie hit the screens yet?

I like to watch big-scale movies 3D or at an IMAX theater. 

I started to like animated films ever since I watched Shrek, Avatar, and Kung Fu Panda. 

I don’t mind watching horror movies once in a while, but I definitely don’t enjoy them. 

ex> She doesn't mind where we go, as long as the food is good.

ex> I like to go for a run every once in a while.

There are so many multiplexes in Korea these days, so it has become easier to catch a movie.

ex> It's been a while since we went to catch a movie.

@ Back your car into the parking space.

주차 공간으로 차를 후진해서 넣어

1.    My boyfriend is a huge fan of soccer.

2.    This movie will hit the screens this summer.

3.    His first album will be out next week.

4.    I meet my old friends once in a while.

3/7 Panic Disorder

Dialog>> Was it a panic attack?

A: The weirdest thing happened yesterday.
B: What?
A: I suddenly couldn’t breathe and felt dizzy.
B: Was it a panic attack?
A: Maybe. I couldn’t do anything. It was the worst feeling.
B: You should go see a doctor.


RESPONSE>> Talk about panic disorder and how it can be treated.

A panic attack is basically a sudden feeling of intense fear.
* panic attack: 공황 발작
ex> If you keep stressing out, you're going to have a panic attack.

They can last from 10 to 30 minutes.

They seem to strike out of nowhere and cause serious physical reactions.
* strike out of nowhere: 예고 없이 발생하다
ex> Asthma attacks strike out of nowhere.

One can feel like he or she is having a heart attack.

Symptoms include a rapid heart rate and breathing.
ex> Check whether he has a rapid heart rate.

It can also cause sweating, chills, nausea, pain, and dizziness.

A panic disorder is when one has continuous panic attacks and constantly worries about having another one.
ex> He asked the professor continuous questions all throughout class.

The exact cause of panic attacks is unknown.
ex> The exact cause of the side effects is still unknown.

Genetics and stress are said to play a role.
ex> She played a role in my success.

Treatment is done through medication and counseling with a psychiatrist.


@ I’ll be back you up. 내가 널 지지할게

1. I didn’t know she had panic disorder.
2. The lightning struck out of nowhere.
3. The exact cause of the fire is still unknown.
4. Genetics play a role in physical growth.

3/6 High School Days

Dialog>> High school was tough.

A: How were your high school days?
B: Oh, high school was tough.
A: Did you have to study a lot for college?
B: Yeah, I stayed in school for more than 12 hours a day.
A: What? That’s crazy!
B: I know. I don’t think I would be able to do it again.

       
RESPONSE>> Describe your high school days were.

High school was endless hours of studying for school tests and the college entrance exam.
* endless hours of: 끝없는
ex> He spends endless hours of playing computer games.
ex> I studied for my mid-term all week.

We normally arrived at school by seven thirty and got ready for class.
* get ready for: ~을 준비하다
ex> Are you done getting ready for class?

Classes went on after lunch until around four o’clock.

After our regular classes, we took make-up classes until dinner.
* make-up class: 보충수업

After dinner, some students went to cram schools for extra classes while others stuck around for study-hall sessions.
* cram school: 입시 학원
* study hall session: 자율 학습 시간
ex> This neighborhood is filled with cram schools.
ex> Why don’t you stick around for some coffee?

I typically left school around ten at night.

I sometimes went to a private library even after that, especially in my senior year.

Looking back, high school was one of the toughest periods of my life.
* looking back: 돌이켜 보면
ex> Looking back, I really shouldn’t have done that.
ex> My divorce was one of the toughest periods of my life.


@ She didn’t answer back. 응답이 없어.

1. I’m going to get ready for dinner.
2. I used to go to three cram schools a week.
3. Why don’t you stick around a little longer?
4. Looking back, I was foolish at that time.

3/5 North Korea

Dialog>> Kim Jong-eun took over.

A: How are things in North Korea after kim Jong-il’s death?
B: Well, his son Kim Jong-eun took over.
A: Isn’t it still in his twenties?
B: He is. A lot of people think he’s too young to lead the country.
A: I would imagine so.
B: It’s still uncertain how things will turn out in North Korea.


RESPONSE>> Talk about Kim Jong-il’s death and the  power transfer to his son Kim Jong-eun.

North Korea leader Kim Jong-il died on December 12th, 2011.

His health had been failing after he suffered a stroke in 2008.
ex> Her health was failing for a while before she died.
ex> I heard his father suffered a stroke.

It was a heart attack that finally took his life in the end.

News of his death was released on December 19th creating a media frenzy all cross the world.
* media frenzy: 언론의 대대적인 관심
* be released: 발표하다, 나오다
ex> Reports were released even before the facts were confirmed.
ex> Brad Pitt and Angelina Jolie created a media frenzy in Hollywood.

Everyone was speculating what would happen next in North Korea.
* speculate: 추측하다
ex> People have been speculating, but nobody knows for sure.


Kim Jong-il’s third son, Kim Jong-eun was the successor.

He was appointed as the heir apparent back in 2010.

Ever since Kim Jong-il’s death, efforts have been made in North Korea to establish Kim Jong-eun as a legitimate leader.
* legitimate leader: 정통성 있는 지도자, 합법적인 지도자
ex> Do you see her as a legitimate leader?


However, many experts express concern about his young age and lack of experience.
ex> She expressed concern about her son’s falling grades.
ex> I’ll make up for my lack of experience with hard work.


@ The total adds up to $50.
총 50달러 입니다.

1.    His health is failing rapidly.
2.    The media didn’t release his name.
3.    Her new song created a media frenzy.
4.    The president expressed concern over the high unemployment rate.

3/3 Weekly Review

Painkillers

1. Ease pain   통증을 완화하다

Painkillers help to ease pain.
진통제는 통증을 완화합니다.

This injection should help to ease pain.
이 주사를 맞으면 통증이 나아질 거에요

Light exercises will do wonders to ease pain.
가벼운 운동은 통증완화에 큰 도움이 됩니다.


2. relieve headaches   두통을 없애주다

Painkillers are typically taken to relive headaches or menstrual cramps.
진통제는 보통 두통이나 생리통을 없애기 위해 먹는다

Do you have any tips to relieve headaches?
두통 없애는 좋은 방법이 없을까?

I know of a good way to relieve headaches.
두통을 없애는 좋은 방법을 알아.


3. chronic pain   만성통증

Painkillers can be used to treat chronic pain.
진통제는 만성통증을 치료하는 데 쓰일 수 있다

He always had chronic pain in his knee.
그는 항상 만성 무릎 통증에 시달렸다

People with arthritis suffer from chronic pain.
관절염이 있는 환자들은 만성통증으로 고생한다

@ Expression! review
    Things didn’t work out between us.


 KTX(한국고속철도)

1. run   운행되다, 진행되다

The KTX is Korea’s bullet train started running in April of 2004.
KTX는 2004년 4월부터 운행을 시작한 한국의 고속철도이다.

Until when does the subway run?
지하철이 몇 시까지 다니니?

This conference will be running until this Saturday.
이번 회담이 이번 주 토요일까지 계속될 거야.


2. cut/slash travel time   이동 시간을 단축하다

The KTX has cut/slashed travel time substantially.
KTX는 이동 시간을 크게 줄여 주었다

This new route has cut travel time by half.
이 새로운 경로가 이동 시간을 반으로 줄여 주었다

He tried to slash travel time as much as possible.
그는 이동 시간을 최대한 단축하기 위해 노력했다.


3. break down   고장 나다

Trains have broken down on numerous occasions.
기차는 여러 차례 고장이 났었다.

My computer broke down the other day.
며칠 전에 컴퓨터가 고장 났어

My coffee machine broke down this morning.
오늘 아침에 커피 기계가 고장 났어

@ Expression! review
I’m here to work on your pipes
배수관 고치러 왔는데요.

 Dance Clubs(클럽)
1. Hit up a club   클럽에 가다

Let’s hit up a club this Friday.
이번 주 금요일에 클럽에 가자

They decided to hit up a club for his birthday.
그들은 그의 생일을 맞아 클럽에 가기로 했다

I no longer enjoy hitting up clubs.
난 이제 클럽 안 다녀.


2. Have a fun night out   밤에 신나게 놀다

We had a fun night out yesterday at a club.
어제 우리는 클럽에서 밤새 신나게 놀았어.

I had a fun night out with them at the party.
나는 파티에서 그들과 신나게 밤새 놀았어

I always have a fun night out with my high school friends.
나는 고등학교 친구들이랑 밤에 항상 재미있게 놀아.


3. Pass   입장권

You can buy a pass to enter clubs in the area.
그 지역에 있는 클럽에 입장할 수 있는 입장권을 살 수 있어

This pass should get you in with no problem.
이 입장권이 있으면 문제 없이 들어갈 수 있어

Let’s get our passes for the lifts.
우리 리프트권 사자

@ Expression! review
You’re going to turn into a zombie
너 몰골이 말이 아니게 될 거 같아


 Intellectual Property Rights(지적재산권)

1. Be protected by law   법에 의해 보호되다

Intellectual property rights are protected by law.
지적 재산권은 법에 의해 보호된다

Animal rights need to be protected by law.
동물의 권리도 법으로 보호되어야 한다

Children’s rights are protected by law.
아동들의 권리는 법으로 보호받는다


2. Violate/brake copyright laws   저작권법을 위반하다

Plagiarizing songs is violating/breaking copyright laws.
노래 표절은 저작권법을 위반하는 것이다

He got caught violating copyright law.
그는 저작권법을 위반하다 적발되었다

That company went bankrupt after breaking copyright laws.
그 회사는 저작권법을 위반한 후 파산했다


3. Accuse A of B   A를 B에 대해 비난하다, 기소하다

Samsung and Apple are accusing each other of infringing each other’s patents.
삼성과 애플은 서로의 특허를 침해했다고 상대를 추궁하고 잇다

He was accused of something he didn’t do.
그는 본인이 하지 않은 일에 대해 추궁을 받았다

She accused me of cheating on her.
그녀는 내가 바람을 폈다고 주장했다

@ Expression! review
Stop acting like a child.
애처럼 굴지 마.


 Hiking Attire(등산복)

1. Hiking shoes   등산화

You need a good pair of comfortable hiking shoes.
너는 편안한 등산화 한 켤레가 필요해

I think my hiking shoes are too worn out.
내 등산화는 너무 낡은 것 같아

There are hiking shoes on sale.
등산화 세일을 한다


2. hiking attire   등산복

Hiking attire can protect you from various outdoor conditions.
등산복은 다양한 바깥 날씨로부터 몸을 보호해 준다

She always buys colorful hiking attire.
그녀는 항상 화려한 색상의 등산복을 산다

Hiking attire was fifty percent off.
등산복이 반값 세일 중이었어


3. Make sure to   잊지 않고 꼭~하다

You should make sure to wear warm, padded clothes.
꼭 따뜻하고 두툼한 옷을 입어

He made sure to wake his son up on time.
그는 잊지 않고 아들을 제시간에 깨웠다.

Make sure to save your work before turning off the computer
컴퓨터를 끄기 전에 작업한 내용을 꼭 저장해.

@ Expression! review
Your store doesn’t add up.
이야기가 앞뒤가 안 맞아.

3/2 Hiking Attire

DIALOG>> I need to get myself some hiking gear.

A: I want to try out hiking.
B: Great! Why don’t you join me on the weekend!
A: I need to get myself some hiking gear.
B: Do you have hiking shoes?
A: No. I need to get a pair.
B: Order one online. It’s cheaper.


RESPONSE>> Talk about hiking clothes and equipment.

Hiking is incredibly popular in Korea.
ex> That movie was incredibly popular in Korea.

Avid hikers go hiking regularly during all four seasons.
* avid hiker: 등산애호가
 avid listener: 애청자, avid movie goer: 영화애호가

Having the right attire and gear for each season is important.
* hiking clothes/attire: 등산복

First of all, there are basic items that you need regardless of the weather.

For example, you need a good pair of comfortable hiking shoes.
ex> My hiking shoes are worn out.

For difficult hiking paths, you may need a trekking pole.
* trekking pole: 등산용 지팡이
* hiking path: 등산로
ex>  There may be wild animals on his hiking path.

There are many types of hiking attire that you can get for different seasons.
ex> Hiking attire can be pretty expensive.

These clothes can protect you from various outdoor conditions.
* outdoor conditions   야외 환경, 바깥 날씨
ex>  I can’t stand such freezing outdoor conditions.

In the winter season, you should make sure to wear warm, padded clothes.
* padded: 두툼한
ex> Make sure to lock the door on your way out.

They’ll keep you nice and warm in the freezing temperatures.
* nice and warm   포근하고 따뜻한, 따뜻하고 좋은
cf> nice and tidy, nice and cool, nice and hot
ex> This blanket will keep you nice and warm.


@ Your story doesn’t add up. 이야기가 앞뒤가 안 맞아.

1. I want to get a pair of hiking shoes for my birthday.
2. It’s good to check outdoor conditions before you go hiking.
3. Make sure to come thirty minutes early.
4. Make the water temperature nice and warm for the baby.

3/1 Intellectual Property Rights

DIALOG>> You’re violating copyrights.

A: Where do you get your music files?
B: I download them from a file-sharing website.
A: Isn’t that illegal?
B: I guess it is because I’m not paying any money.
A: Yeah, you’re violating copyrights.
B: I guess you’re right. Maybe I should pay for my music from now on.


RESPONSE>> Talk about intellectual property rights.

Intellectual property rights include things like copyrights, trademarks, patents, and industrial designs.
* intellectual property right: 지적 재산권
* copyright: 저작권
* trademark: 상표
* patent: 특허
ex>  The company holds the intellectual property rights for this software.

Intellectual property is protected by law.
ex> Our freedom of speech is protected by law.

You have to pay royalties to the right-holder to use intellectual property legally.
* royalty: 사용료
* right-holder: 권한 소유자

Copyrights cover literary or artistic works.

Books, films, songs, and TV shows can all be protected by copyrights.

We often see music artists being accused of plagiarizing other songs.
* plagiarize: 표절하다

Plagiarizing songs is violating copyright laws.
ex> That composer is accused of plagiarizing songs.
ex> You can get into legal trouble if you violate copyright laws.

On the other hand, creating fake designer products break trademark laws. 

ex> The police caught some people making fake designer products.
ex> Make sure we’re not breaking trademark laws.


A good example of a recent legal battle over intellectual property is between Samsung and Apple.
* legal battle: 법정 공방
ex> They are in a legal battle over their house.

The two companies are accusing each other of infringing each other’s patents related to mobile devices.
* infringe: 침해하다
ex> He accused me of scratching his car.


@ Stop acting like a child. 애처럼 굴지 마

1. You can file a lawsuit over intellectual property rights.
2. Our basic rights are protected by law.
3. The professor was accused of plagiarizing his colleague’s thesis.
4. The ongoing legal battle caused serious damages to the company.

2/29 Dance Clubs

DIALOG>> Do you want to hit up the new club in Hongdae?

A: Let’s party this Friday night!
B: What do you wanna do?
A: Do you want to hit up the new club in Hongdae?
B: Do they play house or hip hop?
A: House. It’s supposed to be nice.
B: I’m down! Let’s go!


RESPONSE>> Talk about the popularity of dance clubs in Korea.

If you’re looking for a fun night out, hit up a club in Korea.
* hit up a club: 클럽에 가다
ex> Do you want to hit up a club this weekend?
ex> We had a fun night out yesterday at the concert.

There are many to choose from.

Your best bet would be to head to Hongdae or Gangnam in Seoul for their vibrant night life.
* best bet: 가장 확실한 방책
* head to: ~로 향하다
ex> Shall we head to our next destination then?
* vibrant: 생생한

There are many clubs to choose from that play either hip hop or house music.

There are also special events where world-renowned DJs spin for the night.
* world-renowned: 세계적으로 유명한
ex> She’s a world-renowned professor in anthropology.
ex> World-renowned doctors all gathered for the seminar.

Young people can dance the night away with their friends.
* dance the night away: 춤을 추며 밤을 보내다.
ex> When we finished our exams, we went to dance the night away.

There’s even a great deal in Hongdae at the end of every month.

It’s called Club Day and you can buy a single pass to enter many hot clubs in the area.
* pass: 입장권
ex> I have a membership pass to this gym.


@ You’re going to turn into a zombie. 너 몰골이 말이 아니게 될 거 같아

1. Let’s have a fun night out tonight.
2. I often used to hit up a club during my college days.
3. They danced the night away until very late.
4. Where can I buy the pass for the theme park?

2/28 KTX

DIALOG>> The KTX gets you there in no time.
 
A: What are you doing tonight?
B: I have to start packing for my trip to Busan.
A: You’re going to Busan?
B: Yeah. I’m taking the KTX tomorrow morning.
A: Why aren’t you flying?
B: I hate flying. Besides, the KTX gets you there in no time!
 
 
RESPONSE>> Talk about the Korean bullet train KTX.

The KTX is Korea’s bullet train that started running in April of 2004.
* bullet train: 고속 열차
ex> We decided to take the bullet train to save time.
ex> This subway line started running last year.

The KTX helps Koreans to travel all across the Korean peninsula very quickly.
ex> My job requires me to go all across the Koran peninsula.

It has cut travel time substantially.
* cut travel time: 이동시간을 단축하다
ex> The new expressway cut travel time significantly.

There’s Gyeongbu line that connects Seoul and Busan.

The Honam line links Seoul and Gwangju.

Non-stop express trains travel at speeds of up to 305 km/hour.
ex> The sports car can drive at speeds of up to 320 km/hour.
ex> He recklessly drives at speeds of up to 180 km/hour.

They can slash the travel time from Seoul to Busan to about two hours.
* slash: 감소시키다, 단축하다
ex> Obviously taking an airplane would slash the travel time the most.

The only problem is that the KTX has had many mechanical problems recently.

Trains have broken down on numerous occasions.
* on numerous occasions: 수차례
ex> My car broke down on the highway yesterday.
ex> I've fallen in public on numerous occasions.

As a result, safety issues have been given an extra spotlight recently.
* be given extra spotlight: 집중 조명을 받다


@ I’m here to work on your pipes. 배수관 고치러 왔는데요

1. You can make the 2 o’clock meeting in Busan if you take the bullet train.
2. That car can run at speeds of up to 300 km/hour.
3. We could have found a way to slash the travel time.
4. This issue has been raised on numerous occasions.

2/27 Painkillers

DIALOG>> These painkillers aren’t working.

A: My head is killing me.
B: Still? You’ve been complaining about a headache since yesterday.
A: I know. These painkillers aren’t working.
B: Try taking something stronger.
A: Maybe I should just go see a doctor.
B: I think you should do that.:

* I have a splitting (pounding) headache. 빠게지는 듯한 두통, 지끈거리는 두통

RESPONSE>> Talk about various painkillers.


Painkillers are a very common drug many people often rely on.
ex> Painkillers aren’t strong enough for my headaches.
ex> I rely on my husband for everything.

There are many different types out there that help to ease pain.
* ease pain: 통증을 경감하다
ex> I find that comfort food helps to ease the pain.
ex> The morphine should kick in and ease your pain.
* kick in: 효과가 나타나다

For example, acetaminophen is a very popular over-the-counter drug.
* over-the-counter drug: 처방전 없이 살 수 있는 약
ex> Can you pick up some over-the-counter drugs for me?

One of the most representative Western brands is Tylenol.

Many popular Koran brand painkillers are made from acetaminophen.

They are typically taken to relieve headaches, toothaches, or menstrual cramps.
ex>  Maybe getting some sleep will relieve your headaches.
ex> My menstrual cramps seem to be getting worse every month.

NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are another category of painkillers.

NSAIDs can be used for acute pain, flare-ups, and even chronic pain.
* flare-up: 갑작스러운 열
ex> He’s been experiencing chronic pain in his lower back.

Aspirin, ibuprofen, and naproxen all fall within the NSAIDs category.

These stronger drugs often require a doctor’s prescription.
ex> The doctor gave me a prescription for some medicine.


@ Things didn’t work out between us. 우리 관계가 잘 안 풀렸어.

1.    These pills will help ease your pain.
2.    I heard yoga is very helpful in easing menstrual cramps.
3.    Many people suffer from chronic pain without knowing the precise cause.
4.    You can get antibiotics only with prescriptions.

2/25 Memorable Gift

DIALOG>>  What was the most memorable gift in your life?
 
A: What was the most memorable gift in your life?
B: Hmm… Let me think. Oh! It was origami cranes I got for my birthday.
A: Origami cranes?
B: Yeah, my friends folded 1,000 of them for my 16th birthday.
A: Wow! That must’ve been special.
B: It was. I still have them in my room.


RESPONSE>> Tell us about a memorable present you receive from someone.

One of the most memorable gifts in my life was a sweater my mother had knitted for me.
ex> She knitted a sweater for my birthday.

It took her several weeks to make it and that’s why it was all the more special.
* all the more special: 그만큼 더 특별한
ex> You being here made tonight all the more special.
ex> I got married at a church, which made it all the more special.

She actually went to knitting classes to learn how to knit it.
ex> She went to cooking classes before she got married.

It was truly a gift I couldn’t forget.

Another gift I remember was a wedding present I got from a friend.
ex> We tend to just give cash as the wedding present here.

He gave me a digital picture frame.
ex> The digital picture frame really lights up the living room.

I was able to put thousands of pictures in there and have them rotate.

My wife and I enjoyed our wedding pictures for months thanks to that gift.
ex>  I was able to pass the test thanks to your help.


@ He ticks me off really bad sometimes. 그는 어떤 때는 나를 정말 열 받게 해.

1. I remember my girlfriend who knitted a sweater for me.
2. Your birthday card made your present all the more special.
3. I always carry around my husband’s wedding present.
4. Thanks to you, I feel so much better now.

12/24 Teeth Alignment

DIALOG>> I got lingual braces.

A: I thought you said you were getting braces.
B: I did.
A: I don’t see them.
B: I got lingual braces.
A: What’s that?
B: They’re braces along the inner sides of my teeth.


RESPONSE>> Talk about how people get their teeth aligned.

Some people do not like having crooked teeth.
* crooked teeth: 고르지 못한 치열
ex> She was self conscious about her crooked teeth.

This is why many get their teeth aligned through orthodontics.
* orthodontics: 치과 교정술
* get one's teeth aligned: ~의 치열을 교정하다
ex> It took 2 years to get my teeth aligned.
ex> My cousin is studying orthodontics at her college.

The most common form of treatment is braces.
* braces: 치아 교정기
ex> I used to have braces in high school
ex> Food always got stuck in my braces.

Metal wires and brackets are glued onto your teeth to straighten them over a couple of years.
* bracket: 죔쇠, 고정장치
* be glued onto: ~에 접착하다

But many don’t like braces because they’re so visible.
ex> I had a visible scar that ran across my forehead.

Another option is lingual braces that are placed along the inner sides of your teeth.
* lingual braces: 설측 교정기
ex> Flowers were placed on our windowsills.
ex> The dentist did a good job cleaning the inner sides of my teeth.

This makes them less visible.

One last common type of treatment is clear retainers.
* retainer: 치아 고정 장치

You get a set of custom-made retainers that you must wear in order.
* custom-made: 맞춤형으로 제작된
* in order: 순서대로
ex> I got this purse custom-made.
ex> Be sure to follow these steps exactly in order.

All these treatments will gradually straighten out your smile.


@ It’ll turn up somewhere then. 그럼 어디선가 나오겠지.

1. I feel sad because I have crooked teeth.
2. I think you should first get your teeth aligned to become a model.
3. I want to wear something that is not too visible.
4. I want to wear a custom-made wedding dress.

2/23 Korea-US FTA

DIALOG>> The Korea-US FTA was ratified at the end of last year.

The Korea-US FTA was ratified at the end of last year.

I know, but there was intense conflict over it.

Some people argued that it would hurt the Korean economy.

But some argued it would do more good than harm.
* do more good than harm: 잃는 것보다 얻는 것이 많다.

Both sides had valid points.

I just hope it helps the Korean economy in the long run.


RESPONSE>> Talk about the Korea-US FTA.

The Korea-US FTA talks started in 2003 with official negotiations kicking off in 2006.
* kick off: (본격적으로) 시작하다.

The trade pact was signed in June of 2007.
* trade pact: 무역협정
ex> The deal was officially signed by both sides yesterday.

The next four years saw disputes over the deal flare up in both countries.
* flare up: 불붙다
ex> She flared up in rage when she heard the news.

Many South Korans were against the KORUS FTA.
ex> I was against this marriage from the start.

They thought it would do more harm than good to the Korean economy.
ex> He tends to do more harm than good when helping.
ex> I do more harm than good when I’m in the kitchen.

Mass protests and candlelight vigils took place.
* candlelight vigil: 촛불 집회

Despite all this, the US ratified the deal in October of 2011, pressuring Korea to follow suit.
* be ratified: 비준되다
* follow suit: 같은 행보를 보이다, 선례에 따르다.
ex>  The national assembly ratified the pact.

The ruling party of Korea went on to ratify the deal in November of 2011 against intense opposition.

Korea is still divided over what results the KORUS FTA will bring about.
* be divided over: ~에 대해 분열되다.
ex> We’re still divided over what decision to make.
ex>  I’m scared to think about what this change will bring about.


@ Don’t forget to turn off the lights when you leave. 갈 때 불 끄는 것 잊지 마

1. This contract must be signed before payment.
2. He tends to flare up in anger quite easily.
3. The contract will do more harm than good.
4. Opinions are divided over the issue of dispatching troops overseas.

2/22 Arboretum

DIALOG>> Go to a nearby arboretum to get some fresh air.

I’ve been overworked.

Why don’t you go on a quick getaway trip?

Go to a nearby arboretum to get some fresh air.
cf> Arbor day: 식목일


RESPONSE>> Talk about arboretums in Korea.

Those looking for a quick getaway from the city life can check out Korea’s arboretums.
* getaway (trip): 짧은 여행
ex> Do you want to go for a quick getaway?
ex> I can’t afford a quick getaway right now.

The gardens and forests there provide fresh air and lots of greenery.
* greenery: 수목, tree and plants
ex> Let’s step outside for some fresh air.
ex> I haven't seen so much greenery in such a long time.

People find it a very refreshing and relaxing place to relive their stress.
* refreshing: 기분 상쾌한
* relaxing: 편안한
* relieve one's stress: ~의 스트레스를 풀다
ex> This smoothie is incredibly refreshing.
ex>  The massage was so relaxing.

Arboretums are not only pretty to look at but also good for your health.
ex> Eating fruits and veggies every day is good for your health.

There’s something called sallimyok, which is the Korean word for forest therapy.
* forest therapy: 산림욕
ex> Have you ever heard of getting forest therapy?

Arboretums are great places to do that.

Arboretums often have research facilities, nature museums, and special exhibits to teach people about nature.
ex> The museum is holding a special exhibit on nature.

Some well-known arboretums in Korea are the National Arboretum, Mulhyanggi Arboretum, Morning Calm Arboretum, and the Saemiwon.


@ I have to turn it in tomorrow afternoon. 이거 내일 오후에 제출해야 되거든

1. I need a quick getaway to relieve my stress.
2. The smell of flowers was refreshing.
3. Regular exercise is good for your health.
4. Forest therapy is good in treating skin conditions.

2/21 Esophagitis

DIALOG>>  I have esophagitis.

ick. I can’t swallow food properly.

I have esophagitis. It is such a pain.

Oh, I’m sorry to hear that. Are you taking medication?

Yeah, but it’s going to take a while to get better.


RESPONSE>> Talk about what esophagitis is and how it can be treated.

Your esophagus is the tube that delivers food from your mouth to your stomach.
ex> He was diagnosed with a problem in his esophagus.

Esophagitis is a condition where your esophagus tissues become damaged from inflammation.
ex> The engine became damaged after the accident.

Esophagitis can be incredibly uncomfortable.
ex> Walking in these high heels is incredibly uncomfortable.

It makes it painful and hard to swallow food.
ex> I couldn't swallow food after getting my wisdom teeth pulled out.

You may even have chest pains and feel like throwing up.
* feel like throw up: 메스껍다
ex> She took medicine for her severe chest pains.
ex> I felt like throwing up after drinking so much.

It can be caused by the stomach acid backing up into the esophagus.
* back up: 역류하다
ex> The truck backed up into the parking lot.

Oral medication and allergies can trigger it sometimes.

Treating esophagitis depends on the cause and severity of your case.
* severity: 심각한 정도

You many need to take drugs, get surgery, or change your eating habits.

If left untreated, your esophagus can change in form.


@ I didn’t think he would turn against us like that. 그가 우리를 이렇게 배신할 줄은 몰랐어

1. He got angry when he realized his car was damaged.
2. My throat hurts and feels incredibly uncomfortable because of the cold.
3. I feel like throwing up when I see his face.
4. Back your car up into the parking space.

2/20 Wedding Planner

DIALOG>> We’re trying to decide on our wedding planner.


A: So have you and your fiancee picked a date yet?
B: Yup! We’re trying to decide on our wedding planner now.
A: Do you want me to give you the number of mine?
B: How was she?
A: I loved her. She made everything so easy.
B: Okay then. I’ll definitely give her a call.


RESPONSE>> Talk about wedding planners in Korea.

Planning a wedding requires a lot of work.
ex>  Raising kids requires a lot of work.

This is why there are wedding planners to help out.
ex> Do you want me to help out on that day?

Wedding planners walk you through each step of the wedding with the couples.
* walk someone through: ~에게 차근차근 설명해 주다
ex> She’ll walk you through all the steps you need to go through.
ex> The doctor walked me through the surgical procedure.

Just like with anything else, you need to pick the wedding planner that matches and understands your needs.
ex> I decided on the car that matched my needs.

You can have consultations with a few before picking one.
* have a consultation: 상담하다.

They’ll go over what types of packages and services they can offer you.
* go over: 검토하다, 다루다.

Many Korean wedding planners offer full package services for weddings.
ex> Do you know if they offer full package services?

These packages cover your wedding dress, wedding hall, make-up, hair, pre-wedding photo shoot, invitations, and more.
* pre-wedding photo shoot: 결혼식 전 사진 촬영

These professionals know everything there is to know about weddings.
ex> He’s a veteran and knows everything there is to know about the business.


@ Did the police track down the robber?  경찰이 강도를 찾아낸 거야?

1. Analyzing data requires a lot of work.
2. He walked me through how to use the software.
3. We are seeking new business items to better match customers’ needs.
4. You would need an expert who knows everything there is to know about M&As.