8/31 Talk about how Koreans do the laundry.

Westerners are probably familiar with self-wash coin laundromats.
* laundromats: 동전 투입식 셀프 세탁소, 빨래방
cf> (dry) cleaner: 세탁소
ex> It's such a pain to drag my dirty clothes to the laundromat every week.

Pretty much everyone has a washer, but not necessarily a dryer.
* washing machine (=washer): 세탁기

Koreans are more accustomed to hanging out their laundry to air-dry.
* hang out: 걸다.
* air-dry: to dry sth using the air, 공기 중에 말리다.
cf> hang-dry: 널어서 말리다.
ex> I'm going to let my coat air-dry to get rid of the barbeque smell.

There are foldable racks that can be set up in any corner of one's house.
* rack: 건조대, 선반
ex> I love how this foldable rack just fits right under the bed.
ex> Just put your stuff in any corner of the room.

Westerners like to toss in fabric softener sheets into the dryer to make their clothes soft.
* toss in: 던져 넣다.
* fabric softener: 섬유 유연제

Koreans are more used to pouring liquid-form fabric softeners into the washer.
ex> Fabric softeners can do wonders for your rough towels.

Laundry detergents in Korea come in both powder and liquid form.
* detergent: a liquid or powder that helps remove dirt, for example from clothes or dishes
ex> I like to buy laundry detergent that has bleach in it.
* bleach: to make sth white or pale by a chemical process or by the effect of light from the sun.

There are also stain removers that help get rid of heavy stains.
* stain remover: 얼룩 제거제


@ Don't freak out.  놀라지 마.

1. You can see people air-dry squid.
2. The vase looks nice in any corner of the house.
3. The fabric softener smells like lavender.
4. I don't use much detergent when I do the laundry.

8/25 Talk about the process of putting on makeup.

Makeup can do wonders in enhancing one's face.
* do wonders: 기적을 일으키다.
* enhance: 개선하다.
ex> Counseling can do wonders in treating depression.

You should apply sun block and makeup base.
* makeup base: 기초화장, 메이컵 베이스
ex> Don't forget to apply sun block before you go out.

Makeup base is basically a cream-like liquid without any color that evens out your skin tone.
* even out: to spread things equally over a period of time, 고르게 펴다

Foundation can hide any imperfections and should be followed by powder to set it in place.
ex> He detected a couple of imperfections on the jewel.

Mascara can make a world of difference in defining your eyes.
* make a world of difference: 큰 차이를 나게 하다.
ex> Just applying lipstick can make a world of difference to your face.

Blush can give you a healthy, youthful flush on your cheeks.
* blush: 볼터치
* flush: 붉은 색조
ex> Blush is key to natural healthy looking makeup.

@ I kind of just fell into it when I was in high school.  고등학교 때 완전 푹 빠졌었어.


1. She did wonders for our team.
2. I always carry around sun block in the summer.
3. Every human being has some imperfections.
4. There's a world of difference between the two people.

8/30 Talk about the Korean martial arts taekwondo.

Korea has its own form of martial arts called taekwondo.
* martial arts: 무술
ex> People thank all forms of martial arts are the same, but this is not true.

Many are familiar with the cool-to-watch board-breaking routines.
ex> The gymnast completed her routine almost flawlessly. 
* gymnast: a person who performs gymnastics, especially in a competition.

Sparring in taekwondo is referred to as gyeorugi.
* sparring: 대결, 겨루기
ex> The teacher motioned the student to step forward to spar with him.

Pumsae is a sequence of moves that is memorized.
ex> The dancer went through her sequence of moves with ease.

You can tell which level a person is at by the color of his/her belt.
ex> I can't tell the difference of two.

First-timers will start with white belts and will try to work their way up to the top black belt level.
* first-timer: 초보자

Taekwondo is not just about physical strength and agility, but also mind control and mental strength.
* agility: able to move quickly and easily
ex> No matter how stressed out you get, you need to maintain mind control.

The sport was adopted as an official Olympic event at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney.
* be adopted as: ~로 채택되다.


@ Please fill this form out.  이 양식을 작성해 주세요.
How can I sign up for a membership?  회원 가입을 하려면 어떻게 하나요?


1. I took a martial arts class for 3 years.
2. We all enjoyed his cool-to-watch performance.
3. I want to spar with a professional fighter someday.
4. You need to practice mind control.

8/26 Talk about how Korean movies are related.

Korean movies go through a rating process before premiering in theaters.
* premiere: the first public performance of a film/movie or play, (영화가) 개봉하다.

There are five different grades in the rating system.
ex> The rating system is divided into four grades: poor, fair, good, great.

The most open rating is "G," which stands for "general audience."
ex> The rock in the poem stands for his unwavering belief.

Movies in this category are all family-friendly.

"12 and under" is generally tame and applies to many romantic comedies and action films.
* tame: 순한, 평범한
ex> Her wild curly hair looked relatively tame today.

"15 and under" has more daring lines and scenes.
* daring: brave, 대담한..
ex> He got fired from his radio job for saying racy and daring lines.

The movie is off limits to anyone under 18.
* off limits to: ~의 출입 금지의, restricted..
ex> I didn't know this section was off limits to civilians.


@ You'll have something to fall back on.  차선책이 되어 줄 무엇인가가 있게 돼.

1. We need a fairer rating system.
2. Can you explain what it stands for?
3. My dog is so tame that he doesn't bark at anyone.
4. This place is off limits to foreigners.

8/27 Talk about the culture of living with parents in Korea.

Continuing to live with your parents in or after college is not considered strange in Korea.
ex> Getting married to more than one woman is not considered strange in some religions.

Living with your parents is almost the norm.
* norm: a situation or a pattern of behaviour that is usual or expected, 보편적 잣대.
ex> Back in the 70s and 80s, getting married in your early to mid 20s was the norm.

This can be traced back to when Korea was more agriculturally dependent.
* trace back to: to find the origin or cause of sth by following evidence backwards from the present time

There are a lot of practical reasons to not move out.
* move out: to leave your home and go to live somewhere else, 독립해서 나가다
ex> Buying rain boots is more for practical reasons than fashionable ones.

Living expenses can run pretty steep here, so it's more economical to live with your parents.
* run steep: 꽤 비싸다. 높은 수준이다.
ex> I like to have my own space, but it's more economical to have a roommate.

Time-honored traditions used to have women move in with their new husband and his family.
* time-honored tradition: 오랫동안 지켜진 전통
* move in with: ~와 함께 살다.

More couples are living on their own, separate from parents.
ex> Most people find it difficult when they first start living on their own.


@ I can't figure out if Bob likes me or not.

1. Your opinion is far from the norm.
2. I'm moving out of this house next month.
3. We couldn't buy a car because of economical reasons.
4. Younger generations prefer to live on their own.

8/23 Talk about the causes and treatment of hemorrhoids.

Having hemorrhoids can be a nightmare and a literal pain in the behind.
ex> Standing in front of the entire school was a total nightmare for me.

It's one of the leading causes for hospital visits in Korea.
* leading cause: 주요 원인
ex> What do you think the leading cause of depression is?

The good thing is that most cases of hemorrhoids are easily treatable.
ex> The doctor said that your condition is easily treatable.

Treatments can range from do-it-yourself medicated creams to surgery.
* do-it-yourself: 스스로 하는

Doctors blame hemorrhoids on sitting on cold floors or even on toilets for too long.
* blame A on B: A를 B의 탓으로 돌리다.
ex> I blame my failure on my lack of experience.

Low-fiber diets, long-hour desk jobs, and heavy drinking are also related causes.
ex> I started to gain weight after I got my long-hour desk job.


@ You have to face up to your responsibilities.  네 행동에 책임을 져야 해.

1. I can't stay seated for a long time because of my hemorrhoids.
2. Cancer is one of the leading causes of death.
3. Fortunately her condition was easily treatable.
4. Long-hour desk jobs can cause back pain.

8/24 Talk about "Dry Eye Syndrome."

Xerophthalmia is a very uncomfortable condition where you have dry eyes.
* xerophthalmia (=Dry Eye Syndrome): 안구 건조증
ex> I need some eyedrops to relieve my dry eyes.

Symptoms can start off pretty mild, like having red, irritated, or itchy eyes.
* irritated: 따가운, 성이 난
ex> My skin became irritated after making contact with the plant.

If left to progress, it can get a lot more bothersome.
* bothersome: causing trouble or difficulty, 귀찮은, 성가신

After getting LASIK surgery, you're almost bound to get dry eyes.
* be bound to: likely to, ~하게 되어 있다.

Some people may even have it from wearing contacts, which soak up your eyes' natural tears.
* soak up: to take in or absorb sth, especially a liquid, 흡수하다.
ex> My doctor recommended that I get LASIK surgery instead of wearing contacts.

Lack of Vitamin A and even environmental conditions can play a role.
ex> Having a lack of calcium can lead to weak and fragile bones.

Staring at your computer screen for too long can dry out your eyes.
* dry out: to become or to allow sth to become dry, in a way that is not wanted, 건조시키다.
ex> She's so beautiful that I could stare at her all day and night.


@ My life is falling apart.  내 인생이 엉망이 되어가고 있어.
= break down..

1. Dry eyes are a common symptom among those older than 40.
2. My sister complained that she has irritated skin.
3. I decided to wear contacts instead of glasses.
4. I dried out the laundry in the drier.

8/22 Talk about symptoms and treatment of constipation.

It's basically when you don't have regular bowel movement(s).
* bowel movement: 배변, 장운동
ex> He's been constipated because of irregular bowel movement(s).

This is due to hard feces that have a difficult time passing through your digestive track.
ex> Did you see how the magician made the ball pass through that wall?

Those with constipation can be on the toilet for a long time to no avail.
* to no avail: with little or no success
ex> I waited and waited for him to call, but to no avail.

If they do go, the stool can sometimes come out like rabbit pellets.
* pellet: a small hard ball of any substance, often of soft material that has become hard

And even after completing their business, they may feel unsatisfied like there's more to go.
* do one's business: 배변하다, 방뇨하다.

Constipation can be a sign of poor lifestyle habits.
ex> Poor lifestyle habits can lead to poor health and a weaker body.

If worse comes to worst, enemas can help clear your system.
ex> If worse comes to worst and I fail my exam, I'll just get a tutor.


@ Eat up before it gets cold.  식기 전에 먹어.

1. I haven't had bowel movements for 3days.
2. My car is too big to pass through this alley.
3. I did my best to no avail.
4. Patients have to get enemas before this surgery.

8/20 Talk about rest areas on Korean highways.

Everything the average traveler could possibly ask for can be found at these rest stops.
ex> The average traveler tends to carry hundreds of dollars on them.

Clean restrooms with plenty of stalls are of course a given.
* stall: 칸, 칸막이
ex> Do you see any empty parking stalls for us to park in?
* given: something that is accepted as true, for example when you are discussing sth, or planning sth, 당연한 일, 기정사실

There are also food courts that offer filling meals or noodle dishs.
* filling meal: (of food) making your stomach feel full, 든든한 식사
ex> A sweet potato can be a filling snack.

There are convenience stores where you can stock up on necessities.
* stock up on: to buy a lot of sth so that you can use it later
ex> The store had to stock up on more goods for the holiday season.

You can also fill up at adjacent gas stations.
* adjacent: nearby, 근처의, 인접한
* fill up: an occasion when a car is completely filled up with petrol/gas, 주유하다.
ex> The rooms are adjacent to each other, so I can hear everything.
ex> Do you want to fill up your empty bottle with water?

If you're really lucky, your rest stop may even have recreational facilities like batting ranges!
* batting range: 야구 연습장
cf> shooting range: 사격 연습장 / gofl range: 골프 연습장


@ I want to eat out today.  오늘은 외식하고 싶어.

1. There aren't many rest stops on this expressway.
2. I think it's just a given.
3. Many people stocked up on food and water.
4. I pulled over at a gas station to fill up.


I drive to Busan on Kyungbu expressway regularly because my parents still live there. There is a batting range at Kyungju rest stop. I often use it. I can take some snack and coffee there. I'm not long-distant traveller, so I rarely have a lunch or dinner.

8/19 Talk about the culture related to business cards in Korea.

A person's title is an important value in Korean culture.
* title: 직함, 직급
ex> It's important to call your superiors by their titles in Korea.

People are very used to being addressed by their titles.
* be addressed by: ~으로 불리다.
ex> She is still addressed by her maiden name in her hometown.
* maiden name: a woman’s family name before marriage

Keep in mind when exchanging business cards, you should use both hands.
ex> I'm used to exchanging business cards, so I always carry them around.

You should offer your business card with the letters facing the recipient.
ex> The address of the gift recipient must be accurate.

Once you receive the card, you should read it over thoroughly on the spot.
* thoroughly: 철저하게, 자세히

Simply just shoving it into your pocket is considered disrespectful.
* shove something into: to push sb/sth in a rough way,  ~에 밀어 넣다.
ex> I quickly shoved my diary into my underwear drawer.


@ I thought we could eat in today.  오늘은 집에서 먹을까 했지.

1. Should I address him by his title?
2. Please address me by my name, not my position.
3. We exchanged business card as soon as we met.
4. I shoved the envelope into the drawer.

8/18 Talk about Korean ginseng.

For those feeling drained and fatigued, Korean ginseng may be the key for an energy kick.
* drained: very tired and without energy
* energy kick: 원기 회복

Korean ginseng has long been known as the best remedy for various conditions.
* remedy: a way of dealing with or improving an unpleasant or difficult situation
ex> The best remedy for a hangover is a lot of sleep.

It is widely known to benefit the immune system and boost your energy levels.
ex> I don't recommend taking caffeinated drinks to boost your energy levels.

Insam straight from the ground with no processing is soosam.
ex> I heard the rumor staright from her mouth.

Hongsam is typically a six-year-old ginseng, which is steamed without the skin being peeled off.
* peel off: to take the skin off fruit, vegetables, etc.

Many dietary supplements are based on hongsam.
* supplement: a thing that is added to sth else to improve or complete it

Lastly, the cream of the crop is a wild ginseng root called sansam.
* cream of the crop: the best people or things in a particular group

Sansam can run for thousands to tens of thousands of dollars if found, for it is believed to have extraordinary healing powers.
* extraordinary: unexpected, surprising or strange
ex> He was an extraordinary student, considered to be a genous.

@ Are you really going to drop out of school?  정말 학교를 그만둘 생각이야?

I feel a bit smothered right now?
* smother: to kill sb by covering their face so that they cannot breathe


1. Stress weakens one's immune system.
2. I came straight from work.
3. Consult with a doctor before taking dietary supplements.
4. Ginseng has amazing healing power.

8/17 Tell us about what beolcho is in English.

Many gravesites are maintained privately in Korea.
* gravesite: 묘지, 묘소

Beolcho is a practice of tidying up graves of deceased family members.
* tidy up: to make a room, a group of things, etc. tidy by arranging things neatly in the correct places
* deceased: dead
ex> I told him to tidy up his room before going out.

It involves clearing the debris, pulling out weeds, and trimming the surrounding greenery.
* debris [dəbríː]: pieces of wood, metal, brick, etc. that are left after sth has been destroyed
* greenery: attractive green leaves and plants
ex> We stopped pulling out weeds years ago, so our yard is a mess.

This is all done in preparation for Seongmyo.
ex> My younger brother has been studying all day in preparation for his final exam.

Beolcho is a duty that living family members uphold.
* uphold: to support sth that you think is right and make sure that it continues to exist
ex> For her, it would be an important gesture that she intends to uphold justice.

It was usually the men of the family who took on the task of beolcho.
* take on the task of: ~의 임무를 떠맡다.
ex> I decided to take on the task of washing our dog.

Filial piety still holds strong.
* filial piety  [fíliəl páiəti]: connected with the way children behave towards their parents, 효도, 효심
* hold strong: 굳게 유지되다.
ex> He felt he didn't show much filial piety to his father who passed away.


@ I need to drop off a few things you left at my place.  네가 우리 집에 두고 간 물건들 가져다 줘야 돼.

1. You really should tidy up your desk.
2. I'm going to pull out the weeds in the garden this weekend.
3. I usually take on the task of taking out the garbage.
4. I was so touched by her act of filial piety.

8/16 Talk about Korean dog breeds.

The Jindo dog is considered a representative canine breed of Korea.
* breed: (동식물의) 품종
* canine: connected with dogs, 개과 동물
ex> My favorite canine breed out there is the Maltese.

This bragging right is even on paper because the Korean government designated it a Natural Monument.
* bragging right: 자랑할 만한 권리.
cf> brag: to talk too proudly about sth you own or sth you have done, 자랑하다.
* Natrual Monument: 천연 기념물
ex> This beach was designated as one of the top tourist attractions.


The canine can be traced back to its origin on Jindo Island.
* trace back: 거슬러 올라가다.
ex> The cause of the fire was traced back to a careless group of campers.

It's quite a looker with a sharp and sturdy appearance.
* looker: 매력적인 외모를 가진 사람/동물
* sturdy: 강인함.
ex> Your son is going to grow up to be quite the looker.


It's about medium-sized and commonly used as a watchdog.
* watchdog: 감시견

Poongsan and Sapsal dogs are indigenous Korean dogs.
* indigenous: 토착의
ex> This is an indigenous plant that has been around for centuries.


The Poogsan dogs are outstanding hunter dogs, originally hailing from North Korea.
* hail from: to come from or have been born in a particular place, ~출신이다.


Sapsal dogs are shaggy and gentle, although they show no mercy to an attacker.
* show no mercy to: ~에게 무자비하다.


@ Is it okay if I drop by later after work?  퇴근하고 나중에 들러도 될까?

8/15 Talk about Korea's Liberation day

August 15th is a national holiday that celebrates an important turning point in Korea's history.
ex> Studying abroad was an important turning point in my life.

This day was when the Japanese occupation of Korea ended back in 1945.
ex> Many Koreans still have a nagative view of Japan because of the Japanese occupation.

Koreans mark this day by haning the national flag outside of their house.
ex> Let's mark this date as our official anniversary.
ex> Many homes hang the national flag on holiday like today.

There's an official ceremoney where even the President shows his face.
ex> He stopped by just to show his face, but left soon after.

The government grants pardons for breakers of the law.
* grant a pardon: 사면을 내리다.
* breaker of the law: 범법자
ex> The king decided to grant the man a pardon for his wrongdoing.


@ Let's draw up a cleaning schedule. 청소 계획을 세우자.

1. This will be an important turning point in my life.
2. Almost all the apartment residents hung the national flag.
3. I was so busy that I couldn't even show my face.
4. The government granted pardons to 1,000 prisoners.

8/13 Talk about what gunghap is.

Many Korean couples get their marital compatibility read by a fortune teller before marriage.
* marital compatibility: 결혼 생활에서 잘 맞을지 여부
ex> My parents always said my wife and I lacked marital compatibility.

How it works is that you give the fortune teller your date and time of birth.
* fortune teller: a person who claims to have magic powers and who tells people what will happen to them in the future, 점쟁이

This obviously goes for your partner, too.
* go for somebody/something: ~에 해당하다.
ex> What I said about Peter goes for you, too.

The fortune teller can gauge how harmonious your marriage will be.
* gauge: often in compounds an instrument for measuring the amount or level of sth, 측정하다.
ex> She's very good at gauging people and their general personalities.

Younger generations don't place much weight on checking their gunghaps.
* place (put) much weight on: ~에 큰 의미를 부여하다.
ex> I place a lot of weight on a movie's ending when rating it.

There's really no need to put your marriage on the line over it though.
* put something on the line: ~을 걸다.

Many couples just do it for fun.
* do it for fun: 재미 삼아 하다.
ex> Don't get stressed out about it and just do it for fun.


@ He tends to dress down.  그는 옷을 대충 편하게 입는 편이야.

1. I don't put much weight on marital compatibility before marriage.
2. She gauged the temperature and the strength of the wind.
3. My company places a lot of weight on customer satisfaction.
4. I said it just for fun.

8/12 Talk about what gye is.

There's a rotating credit system called gye in Korea.
ex> We share our chores by following a rotating system.

The members go around each pooling the same amount of money every month.
* pool: C ~ of sth a supply of things or money that is shared by a group of people and can be used when needed, 돈을 모으다.
ex> It seems that there's a nasty cold going around the office.
ex> The entire class is pooling money to buy a gift for the teacher.

Each member takes turns taking home the pot.
* take home the pot: 뭉칫돈을 가지고 간다.
ex> The winner of the poker game took home the pot.

The lower one is on the list, the higher pay he/she usually receives.

This person makes sure each monthly pool and payout runs without any kinks.
* without any kinks: 별 문제 없이.
cf> kink: a bend or twist in sth that is usually straight

People may start to dabble in gyes for all sorts of reasons.
* dabble in: to take part in an activity or a sport, but not very seriously, 손을 대다.

There are social purposes as well.
* social purpose: 친목 도모 목적
ex> Smalltalk can be awkward, but it serves an important social purpose.


@ Why are you so dressed up?  웬일로 이렇게 차려 입었어?

1. We have enough food to go around.
2. Let's take turns in doing dishes every day.
3. I had to watch him take home the whole pot.
4. Going to church has social purposes as well.

8/11 Talk about portable stoves that are common in Korea.

Portable gas stoves can be seen on an almost everyday basis.
ex> I try to work out on an everyday basis.

People utilize them at homes and restaurants.
ex> The company thought of ways to utilize its leftover money.

They're not that heavy and easy to carry around.
* carry around: to take sth from one place to another; to take sth everywhere with you, 가지고 다니다.
ex> I attached a strap to make it easy to carry around.

When the gas cylinder runs out, just buy a new one. pop it in and you're good to go!
* run out: if a supply of sth runs out, it is finished or used up
ex> We ran out of laundry detergent and need to buy more.
* pop in: 끼워 넣다.
* good to go: 준비가 다 되다.
ex> It's good to go!

Many Korean dishes are based on grilling, frying, and boiling.
ex> I love to sprinkle some salt on my fish and grill it.
* sprinkle: to shake small pieces of sth or drops of a liquid on sth,  뿌리다, 끼얹다. 뿌리다.

Portable gas stoves can serve all these purposes.
* serve a purpose: 도움이 되다, 충족시키다.

Hot stews can be cooked on the spot and kept hot over a portable stove.
* on the spot: at the place where sth is happening ,즉석에서, 현장에서


@ You need to do away with all the distractions.  주의를 산만하게 하는 것들은 다 없애야 돼.

1. You have to practice on an everyday basis to become fluent in English.
2. The bag is too big to carry around.
3. W ran out of paper for the copy machine.
4. I'm going to grill vegetables and meat together.

8/10 Talk about dozing off while driving.

One cause for thousands of accidents every year is dozing off behind the wheel.
* doze off behind the wheel: 졸음 운전을 하다.
ex> I heard she got into fender bender dozing off behind the wheel.

Even though they're beat, people will just push on through and continue driving.
* be beat: 매우 지치다.
* push on through: 억지로 계속하다.

They're very anxious to make it to their destination.
* make it to one's destination: 목적지에 도착하다.
ex> The tour group made it to their destination safely and on time.

Drowsy motorists have slower brain function and reaction times.
* drowsy:sleepy, 졸린, 나른한
ex> He took some cold medicine, which made him very drowsy.

Driving when your lids are heavy can lead to fatal accidents because you can knock out completely.
* knock out: become unconscious, 완전히 곯아 떨어지다.
ex) My lids became heavy druing my professor's long lecture.

Nodding off behind the wheel is most common from midnight to dawn.
* nod off: 졸다.
ex> His car started swerving as he started nodding off behind the wheel.
* swerve: especially of a vehicle to change direction suddenly, especially in order to avoid hitting sb/sth

If nothing seems to help, pull over and get some shuteye!
* pull over: 차를 갓길에 대다.
* get some shuteye: sleep, 잠시 눈을 붙이다.


@ You'll have to do it over from the beginning.  처음부터 다시 해야겠네..

1. I was so tired that I dozed off behind the wheel.
2. If we go now, we can make it to out destination on time.
3. The drunk driver caused a fatal accident.
4. Have you ever nodded off at work?

8/9 Talk about the Seoul subway system.

There are nine subway lines that are each marked by colors and numbers.
* be marked by: ~로 표시되어 있다.
ex> You can tell which products are different because they are marked by different colors.

The subway can take you practicaly anywhere in Seoul.
ex> The pouring rain make it impossible to go practically anywhere.

It links the areas in the surrounding Gyeong-gi Province.
ex> Seoul along with the immediate surrounding areas can expect rain.

The line number 2 in particular goes around in a circle.
* go around in a circle: 원으로 순환하다.

Platform screen doors were installed in many stations to enhance safety.
ex> My dad got a CCTV camera installed in his store to fight thefts.

The subway system is foreigner-friendly with English announcements.
ex> This restaurant isn't very foreigner-friendly as it doesn't have non-Korean menus.


@ Just cut it off.   잘라 버려.
What should I do with the part that's sticking out?  여기 튀어나온 부분은 어떡하지?

8/8 Talk about the Seoul bus system.

Seoul boasts one of the most efficient public transportation system in  the world.
ex> I recommend this course because it boasts the highest number of students.

Each bus type is colored differently, depending on its category.

The blue buses connect suburban areas to downtown Seoul.
* suburban area: 교회 지역
ex> If you connect the stars of the Big Dipper, they form a big spoon.
* Big Dipper:북두 칠성

The green ji-seon buses connect major subway stations to residential areas
* residential area:  of an area of a town suitable for living in
ex> The government is planning on developing this area into a residential area.

The red buses link the hotspots of Seoul and outer satellite cities.
* hotspot: 중심지, a place where fighting is common, especially for political reasons
ex> These wires link up all the computers in the office.

The yellow soon-hwan buses circle downtown Seoul making stops for bustling business and tourist.
* circle:  ~ around above/over sb/sth to move in a circle, especially in the air, 돌다, 순환하다.
* bustling: full of people moving about in a busy way
ex> I think we're lost because we just circled this block three times.
ex> Eagles tend to circle their prey in the sky before killing it.
* prey: an animal, a bird, etc. that is hunted, killed and eaten by another

 @ I hate it when people cut in without giving a signal.  사람들이 신호도 안 켜고 끼어드는게 싫어.

8/6 Talk about Korean stew boodae-jjigae.

Boodae-jjigae is an original fusion stew of Korea.
* original:  new and interesting in a way that is different from anything that has existed before; unique

Korea went through a period of time when food was scarce and people had to scavenge food from alternative sources.
* scarce: if sth is scarce, there is not enough of it and it is only available in small quantities
* scavenge: of a person, an animal or a bird to search through waste for things that can be used or eaten,  cf> scavenger hunt: 보물찾기
ex> restaurant openings near here are scarce and hard to find on national holidays.

This stew was originally made from leftover ingredients from US military bases in Korea.
* leftover ingredient: 남은 식재료

The stew is a trendy meal with restaurants opening up all over the place.
* trendy meal: 유행 음식
ex> I noticed the company is opening up more and more branches.

Boodae-jjigae is a reminder of the tough times after the war.
ex> I like to keep this picture as a reminder of my younger days.

Aside from all that, it's the perfect meal to enjoy with a group, especially on a chilly day.
* aside from: ~ 을 제외하더라도

@ You have to cut down on your calorie intake.  칼로리 섭취를 줄여야 해.
= cut back, reduce

1. The movie is a perfect fusion of music and image.
2. Oil will become a scarce resorce soon.
3. I made the soup with all the leftover vegetables.
4. His words were a reminder of our tough times.

8/3 Explain what the Korean word aegyo means in English.

It's a way of acting cute and irresistible.
* irresistible: so strong that it cannot be stopped or resisted
ex> I find the smell of freshly baked cookies absolutely irresistible.

It comes in handy when she wants to have her way.
* have one's way: 본인 뜻대로 하다.
ex> My younger sister always needs to have her way.

In fact, a guy may even be ridiculed if he uses aegyo.
* be ridiculed: 비웃음을 사다.

Aiing is sort of an onomatopoeia that really has no definition.
* onomatopoeia [ɑ̀nəmæ̀təpíːə]: the fact of words containing sounds similar to the noises they describe, for example hiss, 의성어
ex> Including a lot of onomatopoeias in your writing makes it more fun.

It is more of a sound effect you make when you show aegyo.

Aegyo is something that generally tends to disappear with age.
ex> I used to have this skin condition when I was young, but it disappeared with age.


@ I knew I could count on your support.  넌 내가 항상 믿을 수 있어.
= depend on, rely on...

1. She acts cute only when she's with guys.
2. My brother doesn't have many friends because he always tries to have his way.
3. Many onomatopoeias are used in comic books.
4. I used to be very shy when I was a kid, but that disappeared with age.

8/5 Talk about Vietnamese restaurants in Korea.

The popularity of Vietnamese food has been on the rise in Korea.
* be on the rise: 증가하는 추세에 있다.
ex> It's good news that the brithrate in Korea has been on the rise this year.

Vietnamese recipes use a diverse range of herbs.
* a diverse range of: 각양각색의
* Vietnamese  [viètnɑːmíːz]

It's known for its unique aroma.
* aroma:[əroʊmə] a pleasant, noticeable smell
ex> I use air fresheners all over my house for a sweet aroma.

Rice noodles are served in hot beef broth.
* broth: thick soup made by boiling meat or fish and vegetables in water, 국물, 육수
ex> Bibimbap is served in a stone bowl to retain heat.

You can add seasoned onions, spicy peppers, bean sprouts, and cilantro.
* bean sprout: 숙주, 콩나물
* cilantro: 고수 잎

These ingredients give the noodle dish its signature Vietnamese taste.
* signature taste: 고유의 맛.
ex> That figure skater finished her program with her signature pose.

You can add some red hot sauce or sweet brown sauce to spice up the taste.
ex> If you find the soup too bland, add some salt to spice up the taste.
cf> bland:  not having a strong or interesting taste, 싱거운 맹탕의

@ We'll have to cut back on a few things.  몇 가지는 좀 줄여야겠어.

1. The unemployment rate has been on the rise this year.
2. The restaurant is known for its unique noodle dish.
3. I want to make this the signature dish of my restaurant.
4. I added red pepper powder to spice up the soup.

8/4 Talk about some Korean table manners.

There are some traditional manners at the dinner table in Korea.
* table manners: 식사예절
ex> Talking on the phone at the dinner table can be considered rude.

If you're amongest elders, you shouldn't start eating until the oldest person does first.
ex> He ate so fast that he was almost finished when I had barely started eating.

All the food is shared from the middle of the table as opposed to taking individual portions.
* individual portion: 개별적으로 먹는 분량

Koreans are used to sharing from a bowl of soup or stew.
ex> Foreigners sometimes find it strange for everyone to be sharing from a bowl of food.

Blowing your nose at the table is considered very impolite.
ex> I hate it when people blow their noses very loudly in public.

These table manners have roots in Korea's Confucian hierarchy.
ex> You'll find that many words have roots in the Latin language.

@ We could cross off a few of the names. 몇 명 정도는 제외해도 될 것같아.

1. We talked about the issue at the dinner table.
2. I don't like sharing from a bowl of food.
3. He blew his nose hard into the handkerchief.
4. The fairy tale has roots in the European culture.

8/2 Talk about how squid is commonly used in Korean food.

It comes in all shapes and sizes in Korean food.
* come in: ~의 형태로 나오다, 출시되다.
ex> Regulation garbage bags come in several different sizes.

Squid can also be steamed and dipped in vinegared red pepper paste.
* vinegared red pepper paste: 초고추장
cf> blanch:  to prepare food, especially vegetables, by putting it into boiling water for a short time , 데치다.
ex> Vegetables can be steamed with just a dash of salt on top.
cf> a dash of sth a small amount of sth that is added to sth else

Dried squid is something similar to beef jerky in Korea.
* beef jerky: 육포
ex> That new reality show is something similar to the one in Britain.

Many concession stands sell roasted half-dried squid flavored with butter.
* concession stand: (구내) 매점
ex> these chips are flavored with vinegar and salt for a unique taste.

The squid flavor is often used as a base for various types of chips.
ex> Tomato sauce is used as a base for many Italian dishes.

@ Do you want me to come over and help?  내가 가서 도와줄까?

8/1 Talk about banners on the streets in Korea.

You may have come across banners at intersections.
* banner: a long piece of cloth with a message on it that is carried between two poles or hung in a public place to show support for sth
ex> If you keep going straight, you'll come across a family restaurant.

Banners are an effective way to get a message across to the public.
* get a message across to: deliver, convey message to, ~에게 메시지를 전달하다.
ex> What do I have to do get the message across to you?

Typical banners in Krea are long, rectangular strips with strings on all four corners.
* rectangular: a flat shape with four straight sides, two of which are longer than the other two, and four angles of 90°, 직사각형의

Banners are hung up from rooftops.
* rooftop: the outside part of the roof of a building, 지붕, 옥상
ex> My baby's one year birthday pictures are hung up in my house.

Some are on freeway overpasses and at school gates.
* overpass: a road or path that goes under another road or railway/railroad track, 고가도로, 육교
ex> There are no crosswalks here, but you can take the pedestrian overpass.

Banners are used to find witnesses in auto accidents.
* witness: a person who sees sth happen and is able to describe it to other people, 목격자
ex> I'm positive the suspect will go to jail because there were three witnesses to his murder.

Banners are also used to congratulate students who've managed to enter top-ranking schools.
* top-ranking school: 최고 명문 학교

@ I can't come up with anything to say.  무슨 말을 해야 할지 모르겠어요.
cf> off the top of one’s head: 즉석에서, 깊이 생각하지 않고..
ex> I can't come up with his name off the top of my head, but I can look it up for you.


1. I came across many unfamiliar words in the book.
2. Online ads can get a message across to many people.
3. Go straight down the road and you will see an overpass.
4. He lost his brother in an auto accident.