2/16 Hepatitis

DIALOG>> Are you vaccinated against hepatitis?

 

A: Where has Jim been lately?

B: I heard he has hepatitis.

A: Oh no! Is he alright?

B: He’s still showing symptoms.

A: Are you vaccinated against hepatitis?

B: Yes, I got my shots several years ago.

* got shots: 주사를 맞다

     

RESPONSE>> Talk about what hepatitis is.

 

One type of medical condition that can become deadly is hepatitis. 

* deadly: 치명적인

Hepatitis is often a viral infection that causes liver inflammation. 

ex> Take the necessary measures to fight viral infections.

It can also be caused by toxins like alcohol or medication. 

ex> My stress is caused by problems at work.

The most typical types of this disease are Hepatitis A and B. 

Hepatitis A is an acute infectious form that spreads through contaminated food or water. 

* spread through: ~을 통해 퍼지다

ex> The acute infectious form of the disease is much more common.

ex> The disease was spread through the air.

Hepatitis A is widespread in developing countries. 

ex> The popularity of K-pop is widespread throughout Asia.

You can get vaccinations to guard against Hepatitis A.

* guard against: ~을 막다

ex> Did you get your flu vaccination yet?

To avoid getting the disease, people should wash their hands often, drink clean or boiled water, and eat food that is well-cooked.

@ I’ve been thinking over your proposal. 네 제안을 검토하고 있었어

1. The flu is a kind of viral infection.

2. Heavy drinking can cause liver inflammation.

3. The disease spreads through person-to-person contact.

4. The elderly and children should get flu vaccinations.

2/15 Positive Thinking

DIALOG>> I’m trying to be positive.

What’s with the negative attitude?

That’s not true. Your attitude just makes it seem that way.

I’m trying to be positive, but it’s hard.

Come on! Everything will work out.


RESPONSE>> Talk about the power of positive thinking.

Your attitude in life can make you a happier person.
ex> Having the right attitude is very important.
cf> She/He has an attitude.  반항스러운, 고집스러운 태도

Positive thinking has the power to change a situation around.
* change sth around: make sth different

Those who see the glass as half-full are optimists.

Optimists try to see the best in all situations.
ex> He tries to see the best in all people.

Pessimists typically see the glass as half-empty.

They usually focus on the negatives more than the positives.
ex> Stop dwelling on the negatives because it’ll make you feel worse.

We should try to believe everything will work out for the best.
* work out for the best: 일이 잘 풀리다.
ex>  Things don’t always work out for the best.

This kind of positive thinking can boost one’s self-esteem and confidence.
* boost: 증폭시키다.
ex> Compliments can really boost one’s self-esteem.

It will also lead to less stress.

Less stress means better physical and mental health.

Making a simple attitude-change can really turn your life around.
* attitude-change: 태도의 변화
* trun around: 변화시키다
ex> Meeting you has helped me turn my life around.


@ They’re all worn out. 다 닳았어

1. I always try to see the best in any situation.
2. We have to change the negatives into positives in life.
3. He told me everything would work out for the best.
4. Positive feedback boosts one’s self-esteem.

2/14 Homeless Dogs and Cats

DIALOG>> There are so many dogs without homes.

 I’m thinking of adopting one from an animal shelter.

There are so many dogs without homes.

I feel sorry for them.
* feel sorry for: ~이 안타깝다


RESPONSE>> Talk about homeless dogs and cats.

Many Koreans own a pet these days.
* have (=own, raise) a pet: 애완동물을 기르다.
ex>  My landlord won’t allow us to own a pet.

Pets come with great responsibility.
ex> Freedom comes with responsibility.

Some people underestimate how much work raising a dog or cat can be.
* underestimate: 과소평가하다
ex> I underestimated her skills and talents.

A pet can also be a financial burden sometimes.

This is why many pets end up being abandoned on the streets.
* abandon: 버리다, throw away, left behind
ex> Cars were abandoned on the streets during the heavy snow.

Especially with the struggling economy these days, pets get the boot more easily.
* get the boot: 해고하다, 버리다.

There are animal shelters in most districts.
* animal shelter: 동물 보호소
ex>  I volunteer at the animal shelter in my town every weekend.

However, there are not enough of them to take care of all the homeless animals.
ex> Homeless animals have a really hard time during the freezing winter.

As a result, many animals are put down.
* put down: 안락사시키다, put to sleep
ex> We had to put down our dog last year.

Many people have been working hard to raise public awareness on this issue.


@ You should watch out for potholes. 길에 파인 곳을 조심해

1. Being a parent comes with great responsibility.
2. It’s so sad that many animals are abandoned.
3. I took the dog to an animal shelter.
4. The number of homeless animals is increasing.

2/13 Aging Society

DIALOG>> Korea's opulation is aging.

Senior citizens are so healthy these days.
* senior citizen: 어르신

Plus there are so many of them out and about.
* be out and about: 원기를 회복하다. 활동적이다.
ex> She was out and about.

Korea’s population is definitely aging.

Everyone is living longer and longer.

It’s also because the birthrate is so low.


RESPONSE>> Talk about Korea’s aging population

Korea officially became an aging society back in 2000 where the elderly made up at least 7% of the country’s population.
* aging society: 고령화 사회
* make up: 구성하다
ex> There are many effects of Korea being an aging society.

The next level would be an aged society where the elderly make up 14%.
* aged society: 고령 사회
ex> Boys make up 65% of our class.

We’re expected to cross that mark in 2018.
* cross the mark: 분기점에 도달하다
ex> Once you cross that mark, it’ll become easier.

If things continue, the elderly will soon reach 20% of the population by 2026.

Korea will then e an ultra-aged society.
* ultra-aged society: 초고령 사회

Korea is likely to have the biggest proportion of elderly citizens in the world by 2050.
* proportion: 비중, 비례, part
ex> The biggest proportion of my spending is on my monthly rent.

We can partly blame this on the country’s low birthrate.
* blame something on: ~을 --의 탓으로 돌리다
ex> Don’t blame your mistake on me.

Thanks to technology and medicine, our life expectancy is getting longer and longer as well.
ex> What’s the average life expectancy for our generation?


@ My medication is wearing off. 약효가 점점 떨어지고 있어

1. Social welfare is important in an aging society.

2. The elderly make up 14% of the city's population.

3. Korea cross that mark in 2011.

4. The life expectancy of an average Korean women is 84.

2/11 Forgetfulness

DIALOG>> You're getting forgetful these days.

Could I borrow your cell phone? I left mine at home.

You're getting forgetful these days.

I left my phone behind in the cab.
ex> I almost left my son behind at the mall.

RESPONSE>> Talk about episodes that occurred due to your forgetfulness.
I've been getting more forgetful with age.
* with age: 나이가 들면서
ex> My father's been getting forgetful these days.
ex> Wisdom tends to come with age.

I often make some minor slip-ups due to my absentmindedness.
* make a slip-up: 사소한 실수를 하다.
ex> She made a small slip-up on her fist day at work.
ex> My absentmindedness gets worse when I'm stressed.

I often leave home without my cell phone.
ex> He left home without turning the lights off.

I forget birthdays all the time.
ex> She buys small gifts for people all the time.

My forgetfulness has led to more serious consequences at times.

I got chewed out by my boss for that one.
* chew someone out: ~을 호되게 꾸짖다.
ex> I got chewed out by my mom for breaking the curfew.


@ It totally slipped my mind.  완전히 까먹었어.

1. As my mom gets old, she tends to get more forgetful.
2. Try not to make even the smallest slip-ups.
3. I left my bag behind at the restaurant.
4. He got chewed out by his teacher for being late for school.

2/10 Garbage Disposal System

DIALOG>> You have to buy regulation bags.

They sell them at convenience stores.

You have to buy regulation bags.

You have to take out the food waste separately.


RESPONSE>> Talk about Korea's garbage disposal system.

Korea adopted the volume-based garbage disposal system over ten years ago.
* adopt: 도입하다.
ex> The government decided to adopt the new regulations in the housing sector.

You pay more if you produce more garbage.
* produce garbage: 쓰레기를 배출하다.
ex> We've been trying to produce less garbage.

There are special regulation garbage bags you need to purchase at convenience store.
* regulation garbage bag: 규격 쓰레기 봉투
ex> You can buy regulation garbage bags at any store in your neighborhood.

They come in various sizes.
ex> The drinks at the coffee shop come in three different sizes.

Garbage must be taken out in these bags.
* take out: 내다 버리다.
ex> The empty boxes were taken out to the recycling bin this morning.

If not, you can face a fine.
* face a fine: 벌금을 물다.

Aside from the general trash, Koreans separate their recyclables.

We sort out plastics, glass, aluminum, and paper separately.
* sort out: 분리하다, 분류하다
ex> Sort out any stuff you want to keep for yourself.

Food waste is taken out to designated dumpsters for separate collection.
* designated dumpster 지정된 수거통
ex> The food waste attracts flies and other bugs.

Garbage disposals under the kitchen sink are not used in Korea.
* garbage disposal: 음식 찌꺼기 처리기


@ You can just throw away food like that!  음식물을 그렇게 버리면 안 돼!

1. The volume based garbage system is a very efficient system.
2. Using regulation garbage bags help produce less garbage.
3. Please sort out the laundry before putting them into the washier.
4. You have to separate the food waste when taking out the garbage.

2/9 General Programming TV Channels

DIALOG>> Viewers have more to choose from now.

Have you checked out the new general programming TV channels yet?

The main terrestrial channels will get some competition.
* get some competition: 경쟁이 늘어나다.
ex> It seems like we'll be getting some competition next month.

Viewers have more to choose from now.


RESPONSE>> Talk about the newly-created major TV stations.

December 1st of 2011 brought about big change to Korea's television industry.
* bring about: ~을 가져오다.

Four new general programming TV stations started their broadcasting.
* general programming TV channel: 종합편성체널
ex> The new general programming TV stations have a lot of kinks to work out.
ex> We'll be broadcasting live at the event.

Each channel has the backing of the top daily newspapers in the country.
* the backing of: ~의 지원
ex> She had the backing of her family.

These new channels are allowed to offer a diverse lineup of programs.
ex> We have a diverse lineup of events planned tonight.

They can produce their own TV dramas and entertainment programs on top of news programs and documentaries.
* on top of: ~외에도
ex> She works full-time on top of her school load.

These channels can air commercials during programs unlike on the the terrestrial channels.
* air commercials: 광고를 내보내다
ex> I hate it when they air commercials right at the most intense moments.


@ I've been trying to think back to the day we first met.  우리가 처음 만난 날을 돌이켜 보고 있어.

1. The project has the backing of the Government.
2. The company produces a diverse lineup of cars.
3. Commercials are aired during programs on that channel.
4. Korean companies are getting more and more competition.

2/8 Animal Fur Products

DIALOG>> Is that a real mink coat?

Is that a real mink coat?

I'm against animal cruelty.

It's faux fur?

It's a lot more hamane than getting the real thing.


RESPONSE>> Talk about the controversy over animal fur products.

Fur is a very controversial fashion item.
* fur product: 모피 제품
ex> That's a very controversial debate topic.

Some common types of fur are from the minks, foxes, rabbits, or sables.
* sable [^|seɪbl]: 흑담비, 족제비

There's no doubt that fur is fashionable, posh, and incredibly warm.
* posh [pɑ́ʃ]: 우아한, luxurious, exclusive, high-class
ex> There's no doubt that she's one of the best in the field.
ex> His coat was very fashionable.

Because fur is expensive, it is often seen as a status symbol.
* status symbol: 사회적 신분의 상징
ex> Luxury goods are bought to show one's status symbol.

The process of skinning these poor animals is very inhumane.
* inhumane: 비인간적인, 열악한
ex> I don't support inhumane treatment to animals.
ex> The living conditions in that country are very inhumane.

In extreme cases, some animals are hung and skinned alive!
* skin alive: 산 채로 털을 벗기다
ex> These poor foxes were skinned alive.

This is why animal rights groups are dead set against wearing fur.
* be dead set against: 극도로 반대하다
ex> Animal rights groups are dead set against animal experiments.

They wage protests in various ways and constantly push for people to wear faux fur.
* wage a protest: 반대 운동을 펼치다, = put into an action, stage
* faux fur [foʊ] [f3:(r)]: 인조 모피


@ I maxed out on my credit card.  신용카드 한도가 초과됐어.
I went on a shopping spree. I guess I went a little overboard.
* shopping spree: 물건을 왕창 사들임 (= buying spree)
* go overboard: 잔뜩 열중하다, 열광하다.
ex> Don't go overboard on fitness.

1. Driving an expensive car is seen as a status symbol.
2. I'm dead set against the inhumane treatment of animals.
3. He is known to be extremely fashionable.
4. Animal rights groups wage protests animal abuse.

2/7 Korean School System

DIALOG>> He'll be starting elementary school soon.

He's turning 8 Korean age next year.

He'll be starting elementary school soon.

She's moving on to middle school next year.


RESPONSE>> Talk about the Korean school system.

When children turn 8 Korean age, they are required to attend elementary school.
* attend: (학교에) 다니다
ex> Have you been attending church lately?

In elementary school, various subjects are taught by one homeroom teacher.
* homeroom teacher: 담임 선생님
ex> I had a crush on my homeroom teacher.

After six years of elementary school, students move on to middle school.
* move on to: ~로 옮겨가다
ex> She moved on to a better position at her new company.

Middle school is also mandatory in Korea.
* mandatory: 의무적인
ex> This course is mandatory if you want to graduate.

In their  second year, high school students make a crucial career decision.
* make a decision: 결정을 내리다.
* crucial: 중요한, 필수적인
ex> I had to make an important career decision.

They can go to the humanities track or the science track.
* humanities track: 문과
* science track: 이과
ex> I realized the humanities track was the right one for me.

On a side note, there are specialty high schools such as foreign language, international, science, and art high schools.
* on a side note: 참고로


@ Do you want to talk him into going?  네가 그에게 가자고 말해 볼래?

1. Let's move on to the next chapter.
2. Remember that the Monday morning meeting is mandatory.
3. Nobody can make a career decision for you.
4. My teacher suggested I choose the humanities track.

2/6 Online Courses

DIALOG>> What about taking a course online?

Why don't you sign up for a class?
ex> She signed up for personal training sessions.

What about taking a course online then?

You can take the classes whenever you want.


RESPONSE>> Talk about online courses in Korea.

With the help of technology, we can now take a wide range of courses online.
* take a course online: 온라인 강좌를 듣다.
ex> I'm planning on taking some courses online.

Being that Korea is the most wired country in the world, this is a very common trend here.
* most wired country: 인터넷 보급률이 가장 높은 국가
ex> There are perks to being the most wired country in the world.

There are cram schools that offer internet versions of their curriculum.
* cram school: 입시 학원
ex> I have to go to cram school after this.

All basic school subjects are offered on these websites including prep courses for the CSAT.
* prep course: 대비 강좌
ex> I started taking prep courses for my upcoming exam.

Hundreds of thousands of Korean students make use of these courses on a regular basis.
* make use of: ~을 활용하다.
ex> He tries to go hiking on a regular basis.

You can also prep for English tests such as TOEFL, TOEIC, and OPIc online.


@ The dog took it out on the shoes. 강아지가 신발에 분풀이를 했군.

1. Korea has become the world's most wired country.
2. The prep courses for the English exam were helpful.
3. Try to work out on a regular basis.
4. How many credits did you sign up for this semester?

2/4 Washing Machine

DIALOG>> Can you put the laundry in the washer?

Can you put the laundry in the washer?
* washer(wash): 세탁기
ex> The washer buzzes when it's done.

Do you want me to do the whites or colors?

Make sure to change the water temperature to warm.

Where's the detergent?


RESPONSE>> Talk about typical washing machines that are used in Korea.

This is the large drum-like barrel in the middle of the machine.
* barrel: 통
ex> He has a big drum-like tummy that sticks out.

Pour in the detergent and fabric softener.
* detergent: 세제
* fabric softener: 섬유 유연제
ex> We need to pick up some detergent from the store.

Push the buttons at the top of the machine to start the wash.

You can make adjustments depending on the type of laundry.
* make adjustments: 조절/조정을 하다.
ex> I'll make some adjustments to my schedule.

You can change the water temperature or number of spin cycles.
ex> He changed the water temperature to make it warmer.

Many washers these days also work as driers.
* drier: 건조기

Koreans are still more used to hang drying their laundry.
* hang dry: 널어서 말리다
ex> I just hang dry my laundry all the time.


@ I really want to talk you out of quitting. 네가 그만두려는 것 말리고 싶어.

1. My wife wants to buy a new washer.
2. The company need to make adjustments to its business practices.
3. Please change the water temperature to cold.
4. I hang dry my laundry on the clothes rack.

2/3 Korean Mountains

DIALOG>> Have you ever been to Mt. Halla?

Have you ever been to Mt. Halla?

It's actually a volcano.

Does it still erupt?
* erupt: 폭발하다, 분출하다.

It's an extinct volcano.
* extinct volcano: 휴화산


RESPONSE>> Talk about the famous mountains in Korea.

70 percent of Korea is covered with many beautiful mountains.
ex> Her face is covered with pimples.

That's one reason Koreans are very fond of hiking.
ex> She's very fond of your business idea.

One of the most representative peaks is Mt. Baekdu.
ex> He's one of the most representative leaders of the country.

This mountain even pops up in Korea's national anthem.
* pop up: 튀어나오다

It sits along the border of North Korea and China.
* sit along: ~에 걸쳐 있다.
ex> The city sits along the border of the US and Mexico.

Mt. Seorak is a must-visit attraction during the fall for its foliage.
* foliage: 나뭇잎
ex> This museum is a must-visit attraction in this city.

Mt. Halla is actually an extinct volcano with a crater lake at the top.
* crater lake: 화구호
ex> Don't worry, that is an extinct volcano and won't erupt.


@ I need to warm up my voice.  목을 좀 풀어야겠어.
Break a leg!  잘해!

1. The desk is covered with dust.
2. She is the most representative actress in Korea.
3. The mountain sits along the border of two cities.
4. Let me take you to the must-visit attactions in this area.

2/2 Admiral Yi Sun-Sin

DIALOG>> It's Admiral Yi Sun-Sin.

Who is this on the 100 won coin?

Oh, that's Admiral Yi Sun-Sin.

He was the most famous admiral In Korean history.
* admiral: 해군 제독

Isn't there a statue of him in downtown Seoul?

His birthday April 28th is celebrated every year.
ex> Memorial Day is officially celebrated every year.


RESPONSE>> Talk about Admiral Yi Sun-sin.

Admiral Yi Sun-Sin is one of the most famous people in Korean history.
* people=figure
ex> I just shook hands with one of the most famous people in Korea.

He was a naval commander who led many victories against Japan.
ex> The naval commander had a lot on his shoulders.
ex> He was the general that led the country to victory.

His statue is a landmark in downtown Seoul.
* landmark: 이정표
ex> This bridge is a famous landmark in the city.
ex> Some great tourist attractions are in downtown Seoul.

Koreans remember him for his victories during the Japanese invasion from 1592 to 1598.
* remember someone for: ~을 -로 기억하다.
ex> I'll always remember his for all his sacrifices.

He left his final words as he died: "Do not let my death be known to the enemy."

He left his mark on Korea through his innovative turtle ships and naval tactics.
* leave one's mark on: ~에 업적을 남기다, 자취를 남기다.
* naval tactic: 해양 전술
* turtle ship: 거북선
ex> She left her mark on the company until she stepped down.


@ Why don't you just try it on?  한번 입어 볼래?

1. We will remember him for his innovative ideas.
2. I recommend you go to the museum in downtown Seoul.
3. She left her remark on the history of Britain.
4. Liberation Day is celebrated every year on August 15.

2/1 Han River Bridges

DIALOG>> There are 31 bridges that cross the Han River.

Subway lines 1,2,3,4,5 and 7 cross the Han River via bridges.

There are 31 bridges that cross the Han River.
ex> We crossed the river on the ferry.

They are very pretty at nights because they are lit up.
* be lit up: 불을 밝히다.
ex> The building was lit up with colored lights.

RESPONSE>> Talk about the bridges that cross the Han River.

The Han River runs through Seoul horizontally.
* horizontally: 가로로
ex> This subway line runs through the entire city.
ex> Draw a thick line horizontally across the paper.

On the west end is the Ilsan Bridge, while on the other east end is the Paldang Bridge.

One infamous bridges is the Seongsu Bridge, which actually collapsed in 1994 and was rebuilt later in 1997.
ex> the entire building collapsed during the earthquake.
ex> The tower was rebuilt after the war.

The double-deck bridge eases some of the heavy traffic in that area.
* ease heavy traffic: 많은 교통량을 해소하다.
ex> Let me help ease your workload.
ex> There's heavy traffic at all hours in this area.

Many Han River bridges are lit up at night and provide a magnificent view.
* magnificent view: 장관
ex> My balcony has a magnificent view of the city.


@ I'll take over from here.  여기서부터 내가 맡을게.
= handle

1. The bus line runs through the entire neighborhood.
2. The subway line runs through the city horizontally.
3. The department store collapsed due to poor construction.
4. The baseball stadium is lit up at night.

1/31 Sushi Restaurants

DIALOG>> I'm in the mood for some sushi.

Do you want to go out for dinner?
cf> Do you want to eat in tonight?  집에서 먹을래?

I'm in the mood for some sushi tonight.

There's a conveyor belt sushi place near here.

That depends on what kind of dish you eat!


RESPONSE>> Talk about typical sushi places in Korea.

Conveyor belt sushi places are very popular in Korea.
* conveyor sushi place: 회전 초밥집
ex> A new conveyor belt sushi place opened up down the street.

These places can offer a quick bite at affordable prices.
* affordable: 적당한,=  reasonable
ex> This website offers goods at affordable prices.

There's a big rotating conveyor belt serving different types of sushi on differently colored dishes.
ex> The earth is constantly rotating on its axis.

Each color has a set price.
ex> You can't haggle here, because there are set prices.

You basically pay for the dishes that you choose to eat.

If you don't see what you want on the belt, you can put in an order.
* put in an order: 주문을 넣다.
ex> He had to put in a special order.

Everything else you need is right in front of you.

Chopsticks and condiments are ready for use at every seat.
* be ready for use: 바로 사용할 수 있게 준비되어
* condiments: 양념류

You can ask for some more miso soup if you run out.
* run out: 떨어지다.


@ Let me take you out for dinner.  내가 저녁 대접하고 싶어.
Do you just want to set a date now?  지금 바로 날짜 잡을까?

1. This is the best conveyor belt sushi place in this neighborhood.
2. The store offers fresh organic produce at affordable price.
3. I put in an order of three more T-shirts.
4. The Internet will be ready for use tomorrow.

1/30 Korean Beef

DIALOG>> Why don't we go for some hanwoo?

Why don't we go for some hanwoo?

I'm craving some good, quality beef tonight.

I know a pretty good hanwoo place.

It's about a 10 minute walk.


RESPONSE>> Talk about the Korean native beef hanwoo.

Hanwoo is not foreign cattle simply raised in Korea.

It is a native breed of Korean cattle.
* breed: 품종
ex> There are many native breeds of birds in Hawaii.

Koreans take pride in their hanwoo.
* take pride in: ~에 자부심을 갖다.
ex> He really takes pride in his job.

Hanwoo is more expensive than other imported beef from the US, Australia, or New Zealand.
ex> Our restaurant doesn't use imported beef.

Hanwoo is lower in cholesterol compared to other beef.
ex> I need to start eating foods that are lower in cholesterol.

It also has a higher omega-3 fatty acid count.

Taste-wise, it's very soft, juicy, and delicious.
* taste-wise: 맛 측면에서
* juicy: 즙이 풍부한
ex> Taste-wise, the food's not bad here.

It has the right balance of meat and fat.

ex> You need to have the right balance of work and leisure.

@ Do you think they can take on last year's champions?  그들이 작년 우승팀과 대적할 수 있다고 생각해?

1. This dog is native breed of Korea.

2. Koreans take great pride in their culture.

3. My father has to eat food lower in cholesterol.

4. We need to have the right balance of work and family.